Observing Bacteria Essay Example for Free

Observing Bacteria seekAbstract Microscopes are fragile instruments that must be handle with extreme caution as they apprise produce high quality results when observing the smallest exemplifications on earth. A microscope must be properly sightlyed onward use and storage. The different targets allow for a range of observations. At the highest aims, the resolution can easily be lost which is why the cover immersion lens is used to minimize refraction. While observing specimens, both(prenominal) dead and active, their shapes and accords can be stick withd. For example, the oil immersion lens can be used to observe the active Streptobacillus bacteria in yogurt.Purpose The purpose of this lab was to display knowledge of the use of a compound microscope with and without an oil immersion lens while observing and identifying various bacterial shapes and arrangements, including a self prepared yogurt culture.Procedure act upon 1 Viewing Prepared Slides1. After setting up and cleaning all lenses, place the prepared e sneak properly on the stage. 2. View the slide under the10x objective by moving it around with the X and Y stage travel knobs accordingly focalise it by first using the coarse adjustment followed by the fine adjustment until the chance is clear. 3. Adjust the diaphragm to allow enough light for good resolution. 4. After a micrograph is taken, rotate the 10x objective away from the specimen and the 40x over it. Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the specimen acantha into focus. 5. Repeat the above steps for 6 more specimens. Those viewed and micrographed in this lab areAmoebaAnabaenagenus Ascaris eggsParameciumYeastPenicilliumPart 2 of Exercise 11. View 6 more prepared slides by using the oil immersion lens. Follow steps 1-5 above to locate, center, and focus each slide at 10x and 40x. 2. Then move the 40x objective to its half way position with the 100x objective nearing the slide. 3. Add a drop of provided oil to the slide covers surface and slowly swing the 100x objective over. 4. Using the fine adjustment knob bring the specimen into focus and take a micrograph. 5. Repeat this process for 5 more specimens. Those that were micrograph in this lab wereBacillusCoccusSpirilliumPrepared yogurtExercise 2 Observing Bacteria Cultures in Yogurt1. Using a clean seal equal to(p) grump jar, place a teaspoon of yogurt in the container. 2. Cover the jar and place in a dark, relatively warm areas fro 12-24 hours. 3. Place a sample of the yogurt specimen in a clean slide using a toothpick and cover with a cover slip. 4. Repeat the above steps for masking the slide at the 10x, 40x, and 100x oil immersion with the microscope. Keep the diaphragm low, as the bacteria will be transparent. 5. Repeat the viewing process with the prepared yogurt slide from the lab kit. Compare the two specimens. 6. smashing all items used in this lab specimen vials, slides, and microscope. Carefully cover and store microscope.Data/ postingSpeci mens ascertained in Exercise 1 Part 1 with the 10x objectiveAmoeba Proteus at 100xAnabaena w.m. at 100xAscaris Eggs, w.m. at 100xParamecium Conjugation at 100xYeast, w.m. at 100xPencillium with conidia, w.m. at 100xSpecimens observed in Exercise 1 Part 2 Exercise 2 with the 40x objectiveBacteria Bacillus influence at 400xBacteria Coccus form at 400xBacteria Spirillum form at 400x yoghourt Bacteria at 400xFresh Yogurt Specimen at 400xSpecimens observed in Exercise 2 with the 100x Oil ImmersionFresh Yogurt Specimen at 1000xResults/AnalysisA. Identify the following part of the microscope and describe the function of each.A. Eyepiece lensB. TubeC. NosepieceD. Objective LensE. StageF. midriffG. MirrorH. Coarse Adjustment knobI. Fine Adjustment knobJ. ArmK. ClipL. metrical footB. Define the following microscopy termsFocus The point at which the light from a lens comes together. resolvent The closest two objects can be before they are no longer detected as separate objects.Contrast T he difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent compass relative to the overall background intensity.C. Describe your observations from the impertinently yogurt slide you prepared in Exercise 2. D. Were there observable differences between your fresh yogurt slide and the prepared yogurt slide? If so, explain.CD Observation of the prepared slide was made easier by the purple staining and the dead bacteria. The observation of the fresh specimen was harder to see in a focused manner because it continued to move. The prepared slide is an demonstrable Bacillus bacterium. While the fresh sample is harder to focus so it is not as easily observed as Bacillus bacterium. There are more bacteria present in the fresh specimen than in the prepared slide.E Describe the four main bacterial shapes.Cocci a spherically make bacteriumBacillus a rod shaped bacteriumSpirillum spirally shaped bacteriumVibrio comma or S shaped bacteriaF. What are the common arrangements of bacteria ?Cocci occurring as a single sphereDiplococci occurring as spheres in pairsStreptococci chains of cerebrate spheresStaphylococci spheres grouped in grape like clustersBacillus a single rod arrangementDiplobacillus pairs of rodsStreptobacillus Chain-linked rodsG. Were you able to identify specific bacterial morphologies on either yogurt slide? If so, which types?In both samples Streptobacilluss arrangements and shapes were observed. They were more prevalent and easy to distinguish in the prepared slide since that bacteria was not actively moving. At times the fresh specimen at 400x looked like Staphylococci however, upon observing the bacteria appressed at 1000x it was obvious that there were no sphere shaped bacterium present.H. What is the purpose of immersion oil? Why does it work?Normally, the quality of an observed specimen decreases with the number of lenses, glass, etc that the light travels through. With the oil immersion lens, superstar of the strongest microscope lenses at 100x, the oil restricts the light refraction allowing for a clear focused image at such a high resolution. The oil mixes with the specimen and the oil itself has the same refractive index to that of glass. This gives the specimen a finer resolution and brightness than would have otherwise been observed.Conclusion In conclusion this lab taught wholeness how to properly use, clean, and store compound microscope. The lab assessed the ability to observe a specimen both provided and fresh prepared with and without an oil immersion lens. This allowed for hands on learning, observation, and identification of various bacterial shapes and arrangements. One was able to extended his/her learning while ageing yogurt and making a fresh specimen on a slide to be observed at all objectives with and without oil.