Caffeine and the Brain Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Caffeine and the Brain - Term Paper Example Generally CNS stimulants are addictive. The drugs that fall under this category include nicotine, methamphetamine and caffeine. Dextroamphetamine and Methylphenidate are prescribed medications. They are used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). They are also used to treat narcolepsy. Overdose of these drugs can cause hallucinations, fast breathing, weakness in the muscles, aggressive behavior, coma, among other effects. If these drugs are taken in large doses or over a long period of time the user may become addicted to them. Many over the counter pills used for treating headaches have caffeine as their main ingredient. Pills that also help the user to stay awake for a considerable long period of time also list caffeine as a major ingredient. Other common uses include diet pills and medication for the common cold. The concentration of caffeine in these common medications is less specific than those of prescribed drugs. Caffeine produces similar symptoms like those caused by prescribed stimulants. Even a small dose can affect the brain and nervous system. It also acts on the heart, bladder and muscular movements. Ingesting small doses, however, does not result in problems. Persons who take coffee everyday take a longer time to get a certain effect when compared with non drinkers or occasional users. Larger doses can result in nervousness, palpitation, nausea, insomnia and headache. There are other adverse effects associated with larger doses. Persons using the drug for the first time and ingesting large doses may end up having caffeine jitters, convulsions and even tachycardia. Taking extra large doses of the drug can be fatal. Taking more than 5,000 mg at any one time or at short intervals will be fatal. Studies have shown that a daily dosage of up to 400 mg per day is unlikely to cause any adverse effects (Nawrot et al.), except for women who are considering pregnancy as well as children. The adverse effects high

Research Paper Ideas For Psychology

Research Paper Ideas For PsychologyResearch paper ideas for psychology can vary widely depending on the type of research you want to do. There are also subcategories to choose from. A few examples of topics that may interest you are personality, sex, or drug addiction. These are just a few of the thousands of different topics you can choose from.One of the most popular topics is personality. Since so many people go through adolescence, adulthood, and beyond, it is a good idea to consider how personality affects other areas of life. The best way to do this is to discover what your own personality traits are and then observe what happens when you are under pressure. Your personality traits are your unique self - the way you think, the way you interact with other people, and the way you treat others.When you study personal growth in the workplace, this research paper idea for psychology might help you understand why certain people may be in leadership positions. You might be interested in exploring the issue of leadership in the military. Understanding the cultural and organizational dynamics will give you an idea about the power struggles and the obstacles people must overcome to become leaders. These insights into leadership are very important for understanding the effects of leadership on the general population.Another popular topic is sex. Women have always been valued for their intellectual abilities. For many years, psychologists have wondered if there is a link between the development of sex roles and their pursuit of knowledge. What studies have shown, however, is that there are a lot of differences between men and women. This research paper idea for psychology can help you explore these differences.It is possible that there are certain sex differences that do not have anything to do with biology. It might be that women are different in certain ways that we are not aware of. This kind of research would show how men and women are influenced by socialization and those influences can determine their overall success in life.Addiction and alcoholism are also one of the many topics covered in this research paper idea for psychology. It is possible that some factors in a person's life affect the likelihood of addiction. Some psychological conditions are more common in males than in females. It is therefore important to research these factors in order to improve the treatment of alcohol addiction. You can also learn a lot about drug addiction by reading about the way alcoholics drink during rehab.In conclusion, you should take advantage of all the research paper ideas for psychology that are available to you. Most of them will help you better understand a topic in a particular area of psychology. The importance of understanding how the mind works will increase your chances of success as a psychologist. By reading about the subject matter in depth, you will improve your thinking skills and you will be able to work toward a successful career a s a psychologist.

Possible Warning Signs on Help Writing a Title to an Essay You Should Know

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Ruthless Quantitative Research Papers Examples Strategies Exploited

Ruthless Quantitative Research Papers Examples Strategies Exploited Top Quantitative Research Papers Examples Secrets On the way, take notes of the vital information and key findings that you would like to highlight in your paper. Should you need additional info on the best way to compose a great research paper, we advise you to use completely free example research paper topics on noise pollution. SAMPLING BIAS Unlike sampling error, which maynot be avoided completely, sampling bias is normally the consequence of a flaw in the research procedure. Since most research advisers read through all your paper, it can readily be identified in case you have copy-pasted parts from your research and might offer you a lousy grade. Ideally, it's advised to not make conclusions merely on the grounds of correlational research. Jot down the theoretical and practical sides of your research paper as you may also incorporate some recommendations to cope up with the issue. Our experts are almost always keen to do revisions. A research summary is a short overview of what the whole research is all about. Try to remember your summary is only a synopsis of your research paper for a whole. To compose a sample of quantitative research paper, to start with, it is very important to conduct a literature review. A literature review is among the crucial actions in the procedure for writing a quantitative research paper. Reading so as to develop a research question differs from reading as a way to answer it. In the sphere of legal jargon different terminology maybe unfamiliar to you and unique sources may not be something which you regularly site. Why don't you drop in today and let our crew of experts assist you with your research papers. There's no universal set of criteria for a fantastic research question. Should you need revisions, that isn't likely to be an issue. Avoid pleas and biased statements in your summary, but make certain you're able to relay the feeling of urgency for those recommendations you have given. The issue of adequate validity or reliability is a significant criticism. Quantitative Research Papers Examples and Quantitative Research Papers Examples - The Perfect Combination The methods utilized in quantitative research paper could be broken up into three groups. Offer an explanation why your research is intriguing and how it is able to help your intended recipients. Since you may see, there are lots of approaches to select from when conducting quantitative research. Quantitative research utilizing statistical methods begins with the assortment of information, dependent on the hypothesis or theory. Analysis of qualitative data is tough and expert understanding of an area is essential to try and interpret qualitative data, and fantastic care has to be taken when doing so, for instance, if searching for symptoms of mental illness. When you're tasked with developing a legal research paper it can be quite tricky to know just the way the information you wish to include ought to be organized and how to correctly cite the legal references that you're using. Finally, the implications for nursing needs to be considered. Infant feeding practices refer generally to fit the nutritional and immunological needs of the infant. Quantitative Research is utilised to quantify the issue by means of generating numerical data or data that could be transformed into usable statistics. It may involve the use of proxies as stand-ins for other quantities that cannot be directly measured. It involves the collection and analysis of data that is quantifiable. It is a method used in the area of sociology. A couple are still students. Qualitative Research is mainly exploratory research. If you buy a guide either at your school library or on the internet, make certain you review the section linked to research papers. Say for instance the prospective readers are your classmates, or so the type of your paper ought to be clearly understood by them.

Tax inversions, benefits and pitfalls Term Paper

Tax inversions, benefits and pitfalls - Term Paper Example This issue was put to great publicity in April 2014 and came together with the proposed merger between two companies, AstraZeneca and Pfizer. Even though multinational public corporations have recently received more press coverage on tax inversions, middle-market and private corporations can invert and realize same tax benefits. A change of the legal location of the company from the United States to another nation allows the company to benefit from certain laws in that nation. Typical benefits that make corporations in the U.S to re-incorporate in other countries include banking laws that are more flexible. In addition, they also benefit by getting friendly corporate governance rules and lower tax rates. Bermuda is one of the most common destinations for tax inversions due to several reasons. The principal driver is because Bermuda does not tax capital gains. Also, it does not have any corporate income, dividend tax or profit. Typically, shareholders of such corporations need to pay taxes from the profits realized after inversion. Worse enough, the tax inversion transaction is mostly a stock transaction where the shareholders get no money to pay taxes on their profits in the stock. In that case, inversions are a long term play for shareholders of corporations which can bear the short term tax bite. Tax inversion also leads to unemployment in the country of origin of such corporations. The tax inversions do not typically alter the structure of operation for the company. Mostly, it means adding a smaller office in the new foreign location of the company. Therefore, even though on rare occasions, tax inversions lead to unemployment. The Bush administration passed a legislation that required corporations to continue paying taxes under current rules. Under this Act, the corporate minimum tax rules would still apply. Current rules where corporations control

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Hemingway Hills

Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" relies on symbolism to carry the theme of either choosing to live selfishly and dealing with the results, or choosing a more difficult and selfless path and reveling in the rewards. The symbolic materials and the symbolic characters aid the reader's understanding of the subtle theme of this story. The hills symbolize two different decisions that the pregnant girl in our story is faced with. Both hills are completely opposite of each other, and each "hill" or decision has a consequence that is just as different as the appearance of the hills. Hemingway uses drinking, the hillsides, and a railroad track between the two hills to help convey his theme. The beer in this story is used to represent the couple's usual recreational activity to that they do together. Their recreational activity bothers the girl because "that's all [they] do †¦ look at things and try new drinks." This gives the reader some suspicion that the girl has grown tired of doing the same things over and over again and would like to do something different, like getting married and starting a family instead of goofing off all the time. She wants to stop behaving like an adolescent girl and become a woman. These desires and feelings show that the girl is ready and desiring a change, however her male partner doesn't seem at all interested in changing his ways. Hemingway presents the reader with two contrasting hills. One of the hills is dull, desolate, uninviting and barren, it was very much like a desert; "it had no shade and no trees." The other hill, however, is beautiful, plentiful in nature, and abundant. It had "fields of grain and tress along the banks of the Ebro River." A train track runs between these two hills, and this helps give the reader a sense of impending decision. Symbolically, the girl can choose one "hill" or the other, and she is in the middle of the "track" weighing her options. The girl must choose what path she wants to take with her life. She can choose to abort her child and risk becoming barren and sterile, or, she can choose to keep her baby and her life will be plentiful and beautiful with the delight that children often bring to their parents. If she chooses to abort her baby, she will become like the barren hill, however, if she chooses to keep ... ...woman on the train represents the wiser, older and mature person that the girl would like to be. She stands in contrast to the American and appeals to the girl's secret desires to grow up, and cease with the same old routines. The girl often talks about "having a fine time" and "trying new drinks." The woman is displayed as a mature, and older person who works instead of "having a fine time" and "trying new drinks." By her work she is contributing to the world more than she is taking from it. She is no longer attracted to the leisurely and selfish lifestyle. She is in an indirect supporting role to the girl because she is the opposite of what the American is and she represents someone that the girl would like to be. In closing, the theme of this story is conveyed through the symbolism that Hemingway chose. Because of the symbolism in this story, the reader is able to understand the girl's inner conflict. Through the contrast of the hills and the American and the woman, we are able to see that the girl is neither like the American nor like the woman. She is like the railroad track sitting between the two hills trying to make up her mind, and follow a trail of her own choosing.

Business Transaction Essay

1.1 – Account Receivable(AR) (AR and Management Policy: Theory and Evidence – Shehzad L. Mian & Clifford W. Smith, Jr) The basis of my subject â€Å"Bad debt expense estimation model† stems from account receivable. Account receivable is the term used by companies to describe money owed to them by clients or customers for goods and services provided. Bad debt expense is that portion of account receivables that will not be collected. Therefore, without any receivables a company will not have bad debts, thus no need to estimate any bad debt expense. Business to business transactions are mostly done with a promise to pay for goods and services provided at a later date. When a company sells its products or provides its services to other businesses or even individuals, it expects payment for the products or services. In most cases, these payments are not done immediately. The company then expects payment at some future date. This promise to pay becomes a receivable to the company providing the goods or services. Thus, the customer goes into a legal obligation to transfer cash to the company at some future date. Receivables form a large part of most company’s assets. Going through the balance sheet of every company, one would come across account receivables registered as an asset to the company. Financial and management accounting cannot over emphasize the importance of account receivable in every organization. Being an asset, account receivable management has gained momentum in recent years in organizations and financial institutions. Since receivables ultimately stem from extending credits to customers, the issue of who to extend credits to and by how much cannot be stressed enough. It might not always be the case, but companies want to grant credit to other companies that are financially sound in order to have a greater degree of certainty that payment will be received in the future. Thus, it becomes absolutely important to grade companies and even financial institutions with regards to their payment behaviors. Companies definitely do not want to write off a big part of their assets at the end of the year as bad debt expense. Generally, there are two main types of trade account receivable. -Current AR -Past due AR Current AR are debts that have not yet exceeded the amount of time allocated for the debt to be paid as agreed upon by the creditor and the debtor. In most cases, the length of time for the payment of a debt ranges from ten(10) to as long as ninety(90) days and even to a year in rear cases. This length of time could be longer for specific debts like notes receivable(loan related) issued by companies. Past due debts are those that have not been paid within the agreed payment term. These are the ones that mostly draw the attention of managers and credit professionals. This is because, the longer a debt is past due, the greater the chances of a debtor defaulting on the payment of the debt. Managing account receivable has always been a daunting task for managers and other finance professionals. Each organization has its unique operating characteristics and this also calls for different techniques and ways of managing AR. Nonetheless, the foundation behind AR is the policy and procedure for granting credit of the organization. Most organizations obviously want to increase their sales, but the policies they use to assess clients to whom they extend credit will ultimately determine the size of their receivables and to a greater extent, the size of the allowance for bad debt and bad debt expense. Thus, the credit policies an organization uses will determine the amount of receivables which they need to achieve at any given time. A credit policy is a key financial management guideline that should be prepared under the guidance of top finance managers and accountants. It should incorporate the company’s goal, the criteria and timetable of achieving these goals as they relate to credit functions and the type of accounts/clients that would be required to generate liquidity. Changes in business or economic environment sometimes require that credit policies be readjusted to cope with these changes. Some flexibility must be written into any credit policy to avoid adverse effects of over or too less rigidity. Different organizations adapt different credit policies. Basically, there are three credit policies and they include restrictive, moderate and liberal credit policies. 1 – Restrictive/conservative credit Policy This is a very conservative outlook on lending credit to potential customers. Companies that adopt this kind of credit policy mostly deal with only well established customers and customers that pay within terms of payment. The company is unwilling to take risks that are more than minor, preferring to do business with customers that are financially stable. Most companies adopting this policy are invariably in solid financial position themselves and would want to maintain this status quo. Most of them survive even long after more aggressive companies have failed. These companies do not have the need to make any estimate for bad debt expense or allowance since they will have almost no client defaulting on their debts. However, this policy of conservatism is not without its own inherent risks. It can stifle the growth and cash flow of the company to dangerous levels. The company becomes less competitive and potential customers become reluctant to do business with it. Receivables could reduce drastically since tough credit policies hinder the rapid replacement of old customers or customers that have gone out of business. 2 – Moderate credit(Middle-of-the-road) policy Companies adopting this policy generally extend credit to good customers as well as to average customers. It strives to find a healthy mix of customers that would both support company growth prospects as well as minimize risks of default. Most companies fall under this category with regard to their credit policies. These companies would tolerate late payments to an extent, they would mostly extend discounts to encourage risky customers to pay within agreed payment terms. They would also require bank guarantees to monitor cash flow and risks of default while attracting more customers. These companies do have a greater need to estimate bad debt expense and allowance since they do make risky sales that will result to nonpayment at the end of the period. Thus, by virtue of their moderate credit policy, they expect to write off some part of their receivables as bad debt. Applied Materials Europe B.V. is a good example of a company that adopts such a policy. 3 – Liberal credit policy This is the most dangerous of the three policies. Companies adopting this kind of policy are high risk takers in every area of their operation, mostly with the aim of propelling sales and company growth. They expand much too rapidly for the size and worth of the company, and this often indicates accepting customers that are not financially stable enough for the credit line they receive. The loss of receivables can be heavy and the danger to the company’s survival can be real. Liberal credit grantors are frequently incapable of handling any major loss due to customer defaulting their payments. In addition, undercapitalization and sporadic cash flows may afflict these companies with liberal credit policies. The companies may find themselves not being able to financially accommodate their rapid growth due to insufficient capital brought about by the loss of receivables and sporadic cash flows. These companies, more than others, have to have a robust model in place for estimating their bad debt expense and allowance since payment default probability from their clients will be high and it will happen frequently. It will not be surprising that companies like these will have a high percentage of their receivables written off as bad debt at the end of the period . 1.2 – Bad Debt Expense and Bad Debt Allowance(Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) Bad debt expense is that amount of money which a company is unable to collect from its debtors. This is regarded as an expense because it comes as a cost to the company. It is as a result of doing business with other companies that this cost/loss is incurred. This amount is periodically written off from the client’s account especially when the client goes bankrupt or when the company thinks that the cost of pursuing this client for payment will outweigh what is due by the client. At this stage, the amount owed by the client is credited in the client’s account to remove the balance due. Depending on the accounting system used by the company, the account that is debited is the â€Å"allowance for doubtful account†. Or, the write off could be done by debiting the bad debt expense account and crediting the allowance for bad debt(doubtful) account. Being an expense, bad debt expense is usually recorded on the income statement of the company since it affects revenue or sales. Bad Debt Allowance or Allowance for Doubtful Account(these account names mean one and the same thing and could be used interchangeably) is a balance sheet account. When a company is in doubt that a particular client will not pay, the company will record the amount owed to it by this client in this special account. This is a contra asset account that reduces the account receivable account. This account is adjusted periodically with current estimated amounts and it is from this account that write offs are made in conjunction to bad debt expense. The Financial Accounting Standard Board(FASB) Accounting Standard Codification(ASC) 310-10-35-7 through 310-10-35-9 requires companies to account for these losses from uncollectible receivables when it is probable that the asset(account receivable) will not be collected and when this amount can be reasonably estimated. The allowance balance is subtracted from account receivable to get the â€Å"net accounts receivable† as shown on the balance sheet of most companies. The amount in the â€Å"net accounts receivable† accounts is a more realistic figure of receivables since this takes into account the uncollectible.