Clothes and Fashion

A fair sex speak with a man somewhat fashion and vestments. The man says than the fashion is a invention from clothes factories. The woman says that the fashion is necessary to people feel well The man prefers to break in the same clothes rye day The woman feel break when she wear a beautiful font, and in each situation you mustiness wear a different clothes. The man things different clothes list between poor people and rich people. Im leaving to talk more or less clothes and fashion. There are two aspects which I want to cozy up the comfort and the appearance.The comfort is the main purpose of dress because the human washing began to wear clothes when went out from the hot Africa and spreader over the existence and colonized cold lands. They used lots of materials to do their dresses but in the beginning with the only objective that warm the body. On the other pass along clothes has a mission, it is to show the personality, the humor, the owner to a certain loving sta tus or collective. For instance the uniform of the police, the robe of lawyers, prosecutor or Judges, or the Army. These are real import to distinguish or part this people from others.When you are going to a party you must dumbfound on clothes different than you dress when you are working. The more halcyon you are the better clothed you wear. We used to wear dark clothes in funerals. If you had to facing in your work you should wear a suit. If you were a politician or a famous person you should dress up everyday well cause you could have a photo taken. I regretted very much dont have known dress up in a very important situation when a was a novel girl I had gone to a party but I didnt liked to go there, I wearing a awful suit because my friends persuaded me to go there, and I didnt want.When the party began to be boring, I was thinking going home, suddenly a stunning boy appeared, he was wearing a denim trousers, a beautiful blue cotton shirt with a denim collar ND he was tall and handsome he seemed very kind with his friends but I couldnt to approach him because I was wearing a awful loadstones suit from the times of my mother, I felt very angry with me, I thought it is impossible that this person look at me.

Balanced Scorecard Study – Samsung

Kashun Davis TMAN 680 Fall 2012 balance Scorecard Samsung Samsung is the technology-based organization that willing be the subject for my Balanced Scorecard. Founded in 1938 in Seoul, South Korea, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. engages in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of finished electronic products and machination solutions worldwide. They offer consumer products, including mobile environs, tablets, televisions, Blu-rays, DVD players, home theaters, multimedia players home appliances, much(prenominal) as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc Lap filchs and personal computers.The company also designs and manufactures incorporated circuits for digital information storage in consumer electronics. It has operations in Korea, U. S. , Europe, Asia, Africa, Africa and China. Because of the huge size of the Samsung Corporation, I will focus on Samsung smartphones, one of their technology-intensive line unit of measurements. The vision of Samsung Samsung is de dicated to developing innovative technologies and efficient emergencees that get stark naked trades, enrich peoples lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader. Their tutelage statement, At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy to move over our giving and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a part globular society. Samsungs net sales have risen from 158. 9 jillion in 2007 to 220. 1 gazillion in 2011. Their total assets grew from 280. 8 one thousand million in 2007 to 343. 7 one million million in 2011. Unfortunately their total liabilities went from 181. 7 billion in 2007 to 202. 6 billion in 2011. Stockholders equity almost doubled from 80. billion in 2007 to 141. 1 billion in 2011. Samsungs net income also increased from 12. 9 billion in 2007 to 21. 2 billion in 2011. Its also not strange to see their employee base increase due to their explosive produce over this five-year time span. They had 254,000 employee s in 2007 and now have over 344,000 employees in 2011 (About Samsung, 2010). Their electronics division has 190,500 employees at the end of 2011. With respect to the Smartphone business unit out of the 1. billion mobile phones sold worldwide in 2011, Samsung accounted for 330 million of those units. Their Galaxy S II sold more than than 20 million units since its launch in 2011. In 2012, Samsung launched the Galaxy S III and expects to ratify their brand and increase market shargon in the mobile phone arena (About Samsung, 2010). The match circuit board is defined as a management system that maps an organizations strategic objectives into performance prosody in 4 perspectives financial, internal processes, guests, and learning and harvest-tide ( give the sackMBA, 2002).The four perspectives mentioned to a higher place construct the balanced scorecard framework. To create a balanced scorecard for Samsungs Smartphone business division this framework has to be applied. First, I will assess the mission, vision, challenges, and partners of the company. The vision of Samsung Samsung is dedicated to developing innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich peoples lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader. Their mission statement, At Samsung, we follow a simple business philosophy to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Samsung not only makes smartphones, but they also create components care displays and integrated circuits that also go into competitors smartphones, such as Apples iPhone. Samsungs competitors in the mobile phone market are Apple, Microsoft, Google, HTC, Nokia, and Blackberry. Samsung doesnt make their own proprietary software and ironware as Apple, Google, and Blackberry.Samsung exclusively uses Googles humanoid officious OS for their phones. another(prenominal) challenge Samsung faces, is that their mobile phone s are not only in emulation with other phones that have different software platforms, but they are in even stiffer competition with other phones that also use Googles Android Mobile OS. This market in itself is very fragmented from the fact that more than 4,000 distinct smartphone models exist that uses the Android operating system (Valazco, 2012). Fortunately for Samsung they overlook 25. % of the smartphone manufacture market putting them on top. LG, Apple, Motorola, and HTC own 18. 4%, 16. 3%, 11. 2%, and 6. 4% of the smartphone manufacture market respectively (comscore reports July, 2012). With respect to the balanced scorecard framework, a strategy map will assist with connecting the four perspectives and how they relate to each other. The strategic measures chosen for the Learning & international deoxyadenosine monophosphateereere offshoot Perspective were chosen based on information listed in the Samsungs annual report. Samsungs employees have grown over the past hardly a(prenominal) years. Samsungs social etwork presence is currently greater than their competitors, but there is always room for improvement. Samsung invested $8B USD in R&D, which this funnels down to organisational capital and learning from their competitors. With respect to the Internal movement Perspective $8B USD were invested into R&D for innovation. node Satisfaction is never perfect in any organization, thus leaving room for improvement. Not to mention guest pleasure can translate into sales. pull offment of operations was chosen because process improvement is always needed in an organization.The customer perspective measurements are strengthening the brand, gaining OEM market serving, and exceeding customer expectations. All of these links to financial success within the organization, thus focusing on these measures is vital to the growth Samsung expects to see in the future. Stockholder equity, net sales, and net income all cloak the customer, internal, and le arning & growth perspective measures and vice versa. This provides a top to bottom and bottom to top flow balanced measures. Learning & puzzleth Perspective Objective Measure Target enterprisingnessGrow Human Capital Of Employees in Samsung Electronics Division 200,000 employees vulturine Recruitment and computer storage curriculum Improve Information Capital Social authorizeworking Effectiveness 6 Million Twitter Followers 40 Million Facebook Likes Aggressive & Interactive Social Networking Campaign Build Organizational Capital Submittal of Employee Ideas 5,000 Employee Ideas Submitted stock Organizational Learning Study of Samsung Mobile Division (Amiri, 2010) Learn from our Competitors Mobile OEM Market distribute add-on Mobile OEM Market Share by 20% psychoanalyse competitors customer base and meet the needs of that customer base by dint of innovative mobile technology Internal Process Perspective Objective Measure Target Initiative Manage Innovations produ ctive Research & Development Projects Double R&D Projects Allocate more capital to R&D projects and their carrying out Manage Customer Relations Customer Satisfaction Double and father Customer Satisfaction scores Aggressive ustomer service training for employees Manage operations Value Added & Non-Value Added Operations Increase Value Added Operations and Reduce/eliminate non-value added operations Lean Six-Sigma Process Improvement Initiative (Qun, 2012) Customer Perspective Objective Measure Target Initiative assure Samsung Smartphone Brand Market Share Increase Market Share Aggressive Marketing Campaign Gain Smartphone OEM Market Share OEM Market Share Increase Mobile OEM Market Share by 20% Analyze competitors customer base and meet the needs of that customer base through innovative mobile technology Exceeding customer needs and expectations Customer Satisfaction Scores Customer Retention Double Customer satisfaction scores & retention Customer Loyalty & Rewards Program Customer Perspective Objective Measure Target InitiativeIncrease Stockholder Equity Stock Price Increase from $489/share to $510/share Increase Market Share Increase Net Sales Net Sales Increase from 135B to 170B Aggressive Marketing Campaign Increase Net Income Net Income Increase by 15% Make Operations businesslike and reducing costs Sources About Samsung. (2010). Retrieved from http//www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/ourperformance/samsungprofile. html Amiri, A. , Jandghi, G. , Alvani, S. , Hosnavi, R. , & Ramezan, M. (2010). increase the Intellectual Capital in Organization Examining the Role of Organizational Learning. European Journal Of Social Science,14(1/2), 98-108. comscore reports July 2012 U. S. mobile subscriber market share. (2012, Sept 04). Retrieved from http//www. comscore. com/Insights/Press_Releases/2012/9/comScore_Reports_July_2012_US_Mobile_Subscriber_Market_Share NetMBA. (2002). Netmba business knowledge center.Retrieved fr om http//www. netmba. com/accounting/mgmt/balanced-scorecard/ Samsung Group. (2011). Samsung profile 2011. Retrieved from http//www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/download/Samsung_Profile_2011-EN-final-revise. pdf Qun, Z. , Irfan, M. , Khattak, M. , Abbas, J. , Xiaoning, Z. , & Shah, M. (2012). CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL LEAN SIX SIGMA IMPLEMENTATION IN PAKISTAN. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,4(1), 117-124. Valazco, C. (2012, May 15). Techcrunch. Retrieved from http//techcrunch. com/2012/05/15/3997-models-android-fragmentation-as-seen-by-the-developers-of-opensignalmaps/

Communication Improved Through the Use of Texting

conference Improved Through the commit of Texting and Facebook What is talk? Communication stinkpot be defined as the process of exchanging in conditionation, ideas and meanss from maven person to an otherwise. An important factor out in communicating is the existence of a medium by which the message is being communicated this whitethorn include the map of letters, emails, texts, word of mouth as well as friendly ne cardinalrks such as Facebook. peerlessnessness of the conversation mediums that argon now being utilise widely is the purpose of the affectionate network site Facebook, which was introduced in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg.Subscribers to Facebook pull in a profile which set up have personalised and general information more or less themselves to be seen by other subscribers. Cellular texting was introduced in the 1990s as a written form of communication that would work alongside communicatory or voice calls, a service provided by cellular phones. This was through and through the introduction of Short Messaging Service (SMS) which makes physical exercise of the twenty vi letters of the alphabet and the ten numerical to create a endanger that allows for at least one hundred and sixty characters.Through the exercise of cellular texting and the brotherly networking site Facebook, the communication between mint has improved the expeditiously and the effectively. Facebook is a form of communication medium that encourages universalism as it breaks down barriers crosswise all ages, continents, gender, race, religion and thus helps to eliminate discrimination. Facebook is a worldwide network, it brings together families as they argon able to remain friends and often communicate with others. One of the ideas of communication is to spread information, and Facebook helps to achieve this, states Professor Sethi, who teaches at MIT about backing communication. The social networks ability to be accessed through the internet, by mobile hand sets as well as through computers, has increased its usage. Facebook, provides violate access to information, this is because it portrays information in a fun and lively expressive style that is appealing to to the highest degree people.A subscriber can have friends from all ein truthwhere the world, which one can interact with. The use of Facebook in communication has helped to create long lasting relationships that have at condemnations led to marriages, partnerships, and even up at times business deals, according to a study make in California on the effects social networks. The ability to interact with different people provides an opportunity for interaction that can create ethical relations. Facebook allows one to pass information or exchange ideas any time or place across any time period.Facebook allows for privacy, in that the substance abuser can setup their account profiles to show as much personal information as the person wants an anonymous profile. A survey throu gh with(p) on the connections made through a social networking site shows that by setting up ones profile to only if show information that one desires, it will help many who may have otherwise been social outcasts, to interact with others and share ideas. Communication is meant to positively impact and by creating friends one is able to share and relieve stress.Effective communication is at times very difficult to achieve and maintain. This is because there are some(prenominal) barriers or obstacles that keep back the conversation however the use of cellular texting has helped to reduce the case of interruptions such as noise which would have otherwise affected the communicating of information. An oblige on The Social Construction and Usage of Communication Technologies discusses how one can send and receive a message even in an battleground that is very noisy, when it is raining as well when driving, without necessarily disrupting their work. Texting likewise allows for a fas ter transfer of information as it only takes less than one minute to spread information, states Richard Ling an associate for Version Wireless. Texting is simply an easier direction to communicate with many different people all at the same(p) time. Ling also gives the example of having to call six different friends individually, people are now able to get on their cell phones and withdraw all six friends the same question at once with ease. somebody can text what they are feeling just as comfortably as saying something aloud.Some would even go as removed as to say that it is easier to get all your feelings out through a text rather than fumble your way through talking to someone in person with texting, one is able to first read ones thoughts before send them out. Texting is a new and beneficial way to communicate with others in a faster and easier way. Cellular texting also allows for the storage of records which can be used later as a reference. Since texting is a written form of communication it tends to be longer lasting and more valuable.According to Doctor Marquez a professor at the University of Southern California, texting also helps to maintain consistency between the two parties that are communicating in continuing their last conversation. Communicating through texting allows for a personal and private form of communication since the message is only received by the intended recipient and non any other person. The use of texting allows for confidentiality and encourages communication to continue, therefore creating long lasting relationships.Some people qualification argue there are disadvantages to the use of Facebook and cellular texting, because communication is designed to overcome all barriers and pass the information to all. The use of Facebook in most countries tends to block out some disabled people and especially those who are visually impaired, Jonathan Fiske an advocate for the visual impaired discuses. Since most phones and computers favour those who can see, this discriminates the blind. Facebook has developed recently many people of the older generation can non use it effectively. This means that they will be blocked from the information that is being passed to others.Effective communication does not discriminate even those who are illiterate or not technology savvy should be able to communicate. Since the increase in the use of Facebook and cellular texting, most people have avoided face to face communication. not only does it affect a persons listening skills, it also encourages laziness therefore breaking the connection of information and possibly causation wrong feedback. There are also the increased chances of misinterpretation that causes several conflicts this is because most texts and Facebook posts are sent by people who are far away.This means that there is nobody observing the non verbal messages that the information is presenting. However, despite the disadvantages in communicating information t hrough the use of Facebook and texting, it is more ample and popular. The use of acronyms and shortened language in most of the mobile texts and Facebook posts, written communication has been greatly affected. This is because, many people especially the younger generations are addicted to this form of writing, therefore are not able to divide between social messaging and school work.Professor Aleman, an English professor, lectures about how the use of shortened language in texts has also affected language and grammar use of many people, and also affecting their verbal communication techniques. If one is not able to communicate effectively then one may grow a social loner as he or she may have less friends to talk to. This reduces the proper form of written communication. The use of cellular texting and the social network site Facebook has improved the effectiveness and aptitude of communication in todays society.The barriers that communication faces on a daily biases are elimina ted through the use of texting and Facebook, and therefore the transfer of a message or conversation is properly communicated. Proper communication acts as a tool, as information is well communicated so that any form of misinterpretation can be avoided. Even though the creation of social networks such as Facebook and the introduction of cellular texting may be viewed by some as a negative advancement in technology, it has stupefy the best way to pass information.

Analysis of Commercial Bank Balance Sheet

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION_ OF COMMERCIAL BANK_ *Banks and another(prenominal) beat taking institutions argon financial intermediaries whose assets consist overwhelmingly of loans to a cudive variety of borrowers and whose liabilities consist overwhelmingly of gravels. THE ECONOMICS OF MONEY BANKING AND FINANCE tertiary* Edition PETER HOWELLS &038 KEITH BAIN Pg 32 A sound constitution of swearing is genuinely outstanding for all(prenominal) economy. mer rear endtile-grade cashboxs atomic number 18 directly related to the defrayal system of the economy. Generally most commercial curses argon controlled by the aboriginal bank of that particular country.The central bank arse never part with the banking system to fail beca manipulation if banks start to fail the payment system go out fail. They may allow or so banks to fail but the government pull up stakes never allow mammoth banks or the whole payment system to collapse. This is very evident from the upstart where government check pumped in huge amount of m unmatchabley to save the so called too big to fail banks. Banks helps in the payment go through various kinds of deposits, calculate cards and belief cards ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL BANK sleep SHEET For my assignment I clear picked up Lloyds TSB as my bank. Lloyds TSB is one of the four biggest bank in the UK.I have taken 2007 annual report as the class has published only the 2008 interim report. The blink of an eye item which we see in Lloyds TSB balance sheet is loan and advances to banks. It reflects the interbank relationship. This range of a function has fallen for most of the commercial bank and too for Lloyds TSB there is an decrement of 16. 50%. This is due(p) to the financial crisis which has hit banking sector very in earnest and m whatsoever banks have failed as a result. Llyods TSB gives loans to customer just same any other commercial bank and bank charge an pursuance for giving loans which is hig her than the amuse on deposit.But there is ceaselessly a default essay attached with the loan which the bank gives. Commercial Banks gives dissimilar kinds of loans starting from mortgage, education loan, overdraft facility etc. In encase of Lloyds TSB mortgage comes out to be 48. 4% of loans to customer. And thing we should bear in mind is that mortgage are long term loan and it can be for 30 years as well. Customer Accounts got an increase of 11% and there is an increase of 11% from 2006 to 2007. LIABILITIES OF LLOYDS TSB Lloyds TSB is also having some fixed deposit like Certificates of deposit.In these deposits customers cannot withdraw there money before a specified time and they also receive some divert as well. Second are the commercial papers which are unsecured promissory notes to meet short term obligations. Certificate of Deposit comes to around 14,995 one thousand thousand GBP and commercial paper is 17,388 one million million million GBP for Lloyds TSB. Lloyds TSB is also having reserves after remunerative reserves. This reserve can be used in case of soupcon or any unexpected essays The main lucks that commercial banks face due to their exposure to different kinds of assets and liabilities are liquidity risks, foodstuff risk and reference work risk.Lloyds TSB faces liquidity risk because of deposit in central bank. They have a deposit of 4330 million GBP. This means that they cannot give this amount as loans because its stuck with the central bank. This amount has increased considerably from 2006 to 2007. The bank faces liquidity risk because of their mismatch in assets and liabilities side. The conclave liquidity risk exposure is 33,185 million GBP. The main sources of liquidity risk for the bank are deposits from banks and customer accounts. As we seen above the assets of Lloyds TSB are long term whereas the liabilities are short term.The commercial bank is the main source of payment service in any economy. Whenever bank gives loan they are exposed to default risk. Default risk arises whenever a company or individual is unable to meets its obligation on enliven or principle payment of the loan. The bank faces asymmetric selective breeding paradox as well. though the bank does proper due effort before giving out any loans but asymmetric information problem cannot be ruled out with any banks at all. imputable to asymmetric information we have inauspicious selection and moral happening problem.Adverse selection problem comes to picture before entering into the transaction. In short the bank has to filter the good borrowers and the bad borrowers. Sometimes the bank may give loan to the bad borrowers and may suffer of this. Though banks have put checks like mention history before do out the loan but adverse selection problem cannot be neglected completely. The other problem which is created because of asymmetric information is moral speculate problem. The moral hazard problem starts after the bank has sa nctioned the loan. Borrowers may get into undesirable activities.The main objective for which the loan was sanctioned may never get fulfilled. The other side of moral hazard problem is the conflict of interest between the borrower and the bank. Borrowers may try to act on their interest rather than the interest of the bank. Banks like Lloyds TSB can overcome the problems of adverse selection and moral hazards if they have proper check and control on their customers but rarely any bank achieves 100% success in these problems. These are dickens most important risks which any financial mediator faces in order to serve their most important duty i. e. ayment services to the economy. Just like any other financial institution the group also faces commendation risk. textbookmark-start Credit risk textbookmark-end is risk due to uncertainty in a counterpartys (also called an textbookmark-start obligor textbookmark-end s or textbookmark-start reference books textbookmark-end ) ability to meet its obligations. Because there are many another(prenominal) types of counterpartiesfrom individuals to sovereign governmentsand many different types of obligationsfrom auto loans to differential coefficients transactions creed risk takes many forms. (www. riskglossary. om). After the groups acquisition of Halifax of Scotland, the credit pass judgment of the bank has come down. In order to counter credit risk credit rating plays a very important role. The group exposure to credit risk is 356,860 million GBP. PART 2 asset Liability Management The ALM group within a bank has been touch with control of interest rate risk on the balance sheet. For some bank it may be equally important to manage interest rate risk arising from off balance sheet, but it is instructive to depend at the traditional methods and progress to the relatively new procedures. (HEFFERNAN, SHELAGH A. 2005) Moreover banks have mismatch in maturity of their asset and obligation. Banks use asset liability m anagement to manage interest rate risk, mart risk and credit risk. Lets take an example where all deposits are on fixed rate of interest but all loans are make on floating rate of interest. Commercial banks mainly use trine types of markets to cover these risks. These are money market, capital market and derived function market. jacket crown Market is generally used by large companies or governments to tolerate funds for the long period.Capital market can be of two types like primary market, securities are traded for the first time and secondary market, and in this securities are traded after they are traded in the primary market. Another discussion section of capital market is bond market and stock market. There are various stock market around the world like capital of the United Kingdom Stock Exchange, whereas bond market includes different kinds of bonds like government bonds (US treasury bills), foreign bonds etc. One of the most important changes in this market is the dev elopment of asset approve securities. textbookmark-start Securitization textbookmark-end is a financial transaction in which assets are pooled and securities representing interests in the pool are issued. (http//www. riskglossary. com/) When securitization is support by any assets such as student loan, mortgages this starts asset backed security. Lloyds TSB also securitizes its assets in order to overcome its liquidity problem. The process of securitization has become quite abstruse with the introduction of Collateralized Debt Obligation, Collateralized Loan Obligation etc.And these difficult securities are the heart of the financial crisis. Lloyds TSB is not having much exposure to these complex securities. Banks get into off balance sheet activities to get more profit. It helps the bank to get fee income. One more advantage of off balance sheet activity is that it does not appear into the balance sheet of the bank. The derivative market is also used by the bank to hedge their risks. By their nature, derivatives instruments can be used for hedging different types of risks.Owing to this, banks and amends companies use derivatives in the management of their Asset Liability Management (Cornelius Nandyal, 2001). The derivative market is going through dish out of new changes. Regulators are exhausting to put mess hall of new regulations in order to bring transparency. Banks use interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return swap, credit linked notes etc. But different people have different views on derivatives. According to Warren Buffet derivatives are weapon of mass destruction and can act as time bombs in the future.Whereas Alan Greenspan says Derivatives have permitted the unbundling of financial risks. Because risks can be unbundled, individual financial instruments now can be analyzed in terms of their common underlying risk factors, and risks can be managed on a portfolio basis. Banks have also used money market for asset liability managem ent. The most important organ of the money market is the interbank market. In interbank market banks with surplus take to bank with deficit. This market is severely hit by the recent financial crisis.Banks dont know about the financial soundness of the bank to which they are change. This has increased the liquidity problem of the bank. Other types of market are the gilt repo, commercial paper market and the corroboration of deposit market. As we have seen above Lloyds TSB invest in commercial paper and certificate of deposit. Securitization and the Global Financial Crisis DIAGRAMATIC EXPLANATION OF SECURITIZATION drawframe Source http//www. usbancortrusteeservices. com/images/ygpa7_chart_offering_structure_ptnm. pg The recent crisis started because of the sub prime mortgage loans that originated in the USA. But these loans were repackaged and sold all round the world, so this crisis which began in USA became a worldwide crisis. Securitization gives banks lot more leverage. The se eds of the recent crisis were sown in when the Federal Reserve make interest rates around 1% and the economy was pumped with lot of cash. Banks started giving these loans as mortgage to the sub prime customers, without any credit check and at very easy terms and condition.Once interest rate started to increase in 2004, borrowers started to default on their loans. With the increase of interest rates house prices started to come down. Credit rating agencies who gave these securities AAA rating made these securities junk. The assumption on which these rating agencies were working was that house prices entrust keep raisingin the future as well. The combination of low capital requirements oblige on AAA-rated assets and a commonly held perception that they were safe, allowed banks to hold on to any senior tranches that were not sold to investors.But when the structured finance market collapsed in late 2007, the investment banks found themselves holding hundreds of billions of dollars of low-quality asset pools, many of which consisted of leveraged buy-outs loans, subprime mortgages, and bonds from CDOs in process-that is, where the tranches had not yet been sold to other investors. (Coval et al, 2008) No one knows the worth of these complex securities which the banks are holding. Banks have stopped lending to each other because no one is sure of how much the other bank is holding. So interbank market is almost closed.

Calculate the Window of Vulnerability Essay

The WoV covers a timeline from the moment a vulnerability is spy and identify by the IT people. It also includes the time taken to fix the vulnerability. It is also main(prenominal) to explore the device(s) that were targeted by the attack. In this instance, beingness the SMB server within the LAN. The windowpane of vulnerability is 8 days. 1. The WoV covers a timeline from the moment a vulnerability is discovered and identified by the IT people. 2. The critically of the vulnerability is that while the solution is being search, the network may be hacked and information may be jeopardize.3. The heart of time between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is eliminated is usually 8 days. 4. Early detection and responsible reporting helps to reduce the risk that a vulnerability might be exploited before it is repaired. 1 What vulnerabilities exist for this workgroup LAN based on the advisories? List five of them.2401593 CVE-2010-32132264072 CVE-2010-1886980088 CVE-2010-0255 975497 CVE-2009-310398343 CVE-2010-08172. Do every vulnerabilities involve privilege elevation? Is this considered a high priority bonk?Only two from the five listed in question maven ar privileged elevation and identified by the asterisk alongside the CVE number. They argon of importance that not considered a high priority make love as asked.3. Identify and document at least three vulnerabilities and the solutions relate to the client configurations.Advisory subject 977981 ancestor This security update resolves quadruplet privately reportedvulnerabilities and one publicly disclosed vulnerability in profit Explorer. The vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution if a user views a specially crafted Web page using Internet Explorer. Users whose accounts atomic number 18 put together to have fewer user rights on the system could be less(prenominal) impacted than users who operate with administrative user rightsAdvisory Number 979352Solution This security update resolv es seven privately reported vulnerabilities and one publicly disclosed vulnerability in Internet Explorer. The more dreadful vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution if a user views a specially crafted Web page using Internet Explorer. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.Advisory Number 954157Solution The update also removes the ability for this codec to be loaded when browsing the Internet with any other applications. By only allowing applications to use the Indeo codec when the media content is from the local anaesthetic system or from the intranet zone, and by preventing Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player from entrance the codec at all, this update removes the most common remote attack vectors but still allows games or other applications that leverage the codec locally to continue to function.

Don’t get me started on fast food restaurants

How could I start? Fast Food restaurants Your one personal manner train to totally the marvellous maladies such as cancer, obe sit aroundy and diabetes. Upon entry the restaurant, you ar greeted by a so-called happy, kind, caring waiter who afterwards, decides to drop before you have a chance to place your order. After using up what calculates like an eternity waiting for him, you ar now free to have a bun in the oven your meal for an equally lengthy and agitating period of time. Dont like the unprofitable waiters- well the solo other alternative is the exhausting queue. EnjoySo, possibly I should start with the staff the group of throng who make it all happen. Is it in the job description to be temperamental and uncooperative? I often suspect this to be the case. Moreover, that you must answer a foretell call when the queue is at its longest during the rush hour when everyone is already late. Recently, I was made late for school due to the fact that the sloth working- behind the counter- decided to answer a phone call which lasted only fifteen minutes before attending to any of us I left without my donuts and late. I was infuriatedIt is fine for them-they are already at work on the other hand the rest of us are late and annoyed. Due to this, I get extremely frustrated when the full point you decide to buy shows up with a different value at the cashier than at the menu so they haggle to get you to fix the higher value which wastes even to a greater extent time All that for an superfluous 60p or so. How patheticHaving battled your way through the queue, or waited ages for the waiter to maneuver your order and get your viands You are now expected to sit d consume and enjoy your meal. I dont think. The next challenge you have to wait is with everyone else in the restaurant the General public. Why people call for restaurants to play loud, exasperating, annoying music to infuriate the dead and pop their own ear drums is beyond me. More than th at, I wonder why people view restaurants as an ideal location to make the most lazy phone calls I have ever heard in my life. I will never know.However the general public, never fulfilm to take a leak the high standards of infuriation that the young people aim to set. They are the members of this generation who seem to set it a target to annoy others Theyre the ones who scare away the elderly and think that an ASBO (Anti social behaviour order) is a obedient thing to go down your CV. The Chavs. Restaurants seem to be infested with them, which is partially the staffs fault for non taking strict action against them. It is becoming an increasingly hard travail to find a restaurant without chavs it is like trying to find a needle in a haystack-pretty more than impossible.They are rude, imperious, riotous hooligans who freely leave behind their exotic, wide collection of litter which includes Sticky jaw gum, Soft drink cans, cigarette butts and other delightful gifts for the ne xt halcyon customer to find. How thoughtful. Even more thoughtful of the staff to leave it ripening there for weeks so other customers can experience the delight of sit on littered seats- LovelyAway from the annoying people and attend to, is the risible advertising that restaurants seam. I challenge you to find a restaurant that doesnt air ads about how healthy its food is and that it makes up a good regimen when in a matter of fact it isnt. Of course it is a good diet if you wish to live a life crippled with diseases The food-high in sugar and fat- they sell is highly associated with the condition we all aim to reach Obesity. Their ads exploit children through the promise of pathetic gimmicks and toys They manipulate children and harness the military unit they possess their pestering power It seems that they brainwash children to become missionaries from Satan and bewilder their parents horrible headaches until they finally give in and eat at the give tongue to restaurant s.Despite all these reasons I mentioned, some still fail to see just how bad they are thus the restaurants still exist which proves how much of a nuisance they can be. They claim to provide outstanding service which I find unsatisfactory. They air lies, provide the worse service ever, bring home the bacon complete hooligans to eat in their restaurants and recruit the worse staff possible. I believe that I represent the views of many people when I vocalise that they are over-rated, over-priced and are a rip-off. If they expect us to eat at their restaurants then they must address these pressing issues Until that happens Im afraid that more and more people will revert to eating at home kinda of at fast food restaurants. As someone who has to have food on the go, I must say I do not blame them- these restaurants need to clean up their act.

Modern Trading Culture Essay

With increasing competition everyday in the consumer trade, the ara has shifted towards new handicraft concepts. The youthfule duty concept has two major(ip) objectives to provide the basic necessities under cardinal roof. Secondly, the customer should be fitted to touch the products in person. resistance and Macro argon the examples of modern swap stores. The procedures and implementation of modern trade in other countries is different as compargond withPakistanbecause of the local trading culture.Modernization of Trading SystemsAccording to a research, retail commercializes t kibosh to modernize from largely traditional trading techniques to modern trading techniques. As markets modernize, the sh be of traditional trade as a voice of total trade declines sdepressionly suppliers, however, lead continually need to rectify the amount of resources allocated to address the traditional trade versus the modern trade. Smart suppliers manage this balancing act by accuratel y tracking (and often predicting) the maltreat at which fundamental transitions or market evolution shifts be likely to occur. Three everywherearching factors affect the speed and nature of market transition. They include (1) consumer tr barricades and acquire behaviors in the market (2) factors related to modern retail desegregation (Also called substitution buying, an approach in chain stores whereby all purchasing is done with a central or main office) and (3) disruptive factors such as the economy, special interests, and government command etc.InPakistan on that point are a procedure of shapers for various products. The normal statistical distribution channel is that the makers use their own distributors as well as independent distributors in the market, who purchase products from the factory and thusly deliver to the retail merchants and the wholesalers. On the other hand, just about retail merchants get products direct from the distributors succession some a re purchasing from the wholesalers. Big cities name thousands of outlets in the market for grocery items. If we only take the example of twin cities ofPakistan, there are around 3,000 grocery outlets including the small take a shits inIslamabadand inRawalpindithere are around 15,000 outlets.It is impossible for the manufacturer to reach each and every outlet so they need distributors to off the products available to the outlets. Even the distributors at times jackpot non reach all of the outlets, so there are wholesalers in the markets who buy the products in bulk from distributors or manufacturers. They are located in certain locations where the retailers buy the products from the wholesalers.At the end of the day, it all depends on the relationships of the retailer if he has good relationship with the distributors and asshole buy the products on credit from him and even return the unsold products, or he could buy the same products from a wholesaler like an end consumer. We ca n say that the markets in Pakistan are divided into 2 categories with keep an eye on to retailers first are those who are getting the products from distributors and second are those who are buying the products from wholesalers. Distributors supply the product at the retailers shop but retailer has to go to wholesaler to purchase a product.These consumer trends, retail consolidations, and disruptive factors heavily influence retailers addition strategies as well as the formats they are most likely to develop to sustain enkindleth over the long term. As markets evolve, retailers adjust their formats and unconscious processal strategies to cater to differing shopper needs and trends-and thereby maximize retailers reach in an evolving market.Advantages and DisadvantagesThere are numerous advantages of modern trading system. There are 3 types of consumers who come to modern trading stores like Metro or Macro 1) end users, 2) traders and 3) hoteliers. The system of modern trade influe nces the distributor line because retailers are like a shot going directly to these stores and are purchasing products themselves at lesser values. Modern trade is trim the number of distribution channels from the factory to the retail shop. This subtraction of distribution channel increases the profit margins of both the manufacturer and the retailer.It is a convenient ersatz for the end users to purchase house hold items from one place at a lesser cost.The outrages of modern trade is that it is adversely affecting the business of independent distributors since the manufacturer is giving different damages to the distributors and the modern trading stores .Margins of distributors prolong reduced and they are alike loosing some of their clientele as some retailers prefer to buy products directly from these modern stores rather than distributors. Another disadvantage of modern trade inPakistanis that it has confused the end user by fling 3 different prices for the same produc t in the market. Those 3 price areas are retail shops, wholesalers and the big stores. This usually creates doubts about the quality of the products because of the price variations.Reluctance in Modern TradingSome of the manufacturers are now willing to enter into modern trading system but it also varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. If a friendship has a strong positioning of their products in retail outlets of a city, they would also be willing to sell their products in a big store. But on the other hand, if a company has weak positioning in the retail outlets, they would hesitate to sell their products in the modern trading stores. The distributors get fix percentage of profit from the manufacturer to sell their products to the retailers or wholesalers.Indian MarketIf we take the example of India, where consumer trends are very much similar to ours and have been the greatest influencer in forcing modern trade to develop. A substantial demographic transition is now under fa shion with a large, young, working population (median age of 24) more nuclear families in urban areas an increase in the number of working women and emerging opportunities in the service sector. Urbanization, higher household disposable income, and convenience one-stop shopping are other factors that are fueling this modern trade growth. Retail consolidation will slowly help drive modern trade growth as well. It is estimated that the Indian retail industry was worth about USD286 zillion at the end of 2004 yet India remains one of the most fragment retail sectors in the world with only 2% of total gross sales deriving from the modern trade.As that happens, India is likely to see a significant trend toward modern trade as retailers invest in data, technology, and home to exploit and escalate potential growth. Disruptive factors particularly government regulation are unquestionably the key reason foreign players have not played an influential part in triggering retail consolidation in India. However, there is no one path to modernization markets are not dependent on world(a) retailers as catalysts for modernization. However there are many markets where global retailers act as key catalysts, and, in fact, become the lions share of the modern trade. To takeIndias potential future, it is utilitarian to look at examples of three market types, and why theyve modernized the way they did Markets that have grown the modern trade by dint of global players submission the market Markets that have grown through a hybrid of global and local players and Markets that have modernized driven almost completely by local retailers.Government PoliciesThe government policies play a major map in implementing modern trading system in a region. InIndia, there are some areas where the government has not allowed modern trade stores to operate. Similarly, inPakistanif the brisk traders are reluctant of the entrance of modern trade stores like Metro the government has the authori ty to impose restrictions on such stores. Nevertheless, these kinds of stores are respectable for the Government as they give fixed General Sales value (GST) and also are a foreign investment in the country.The nerve center Capabilities Required for GrowthA core takeaway from studying market evolution is that, regardless of whether the retailer driving the modern trade is global or local, the capabilities they need to do that are largely the same In addition to the overall management, a great modernizing retailer will subscribe to capabilities in six core areas to win in the changing environment.financeA retailer is best served having an operating model with two key financial criteria Generates enough cash flow to fund its expansion and corpse relatively low debt.Retail is a cyclical and relatively low margin business. High levels of debt and interest greatly impede a retailer in growth mode and can make running the operation difficult. Most great retailers remain relatively con servatively financed.OperationsThe retailer is able to manage the complexity of getting merchandise from factory to shelf. Indian conglomerate Reliance Industries Ltd. is aiming to get to this state through integration of an entire supply chain from farm to store, particularly with staple food commodities. many great local retailers (e.g., HEB and Publix, twoUSregional grocery chains, and 7-11 inJapan) optimize their market position through a best-in-class supply chain, which gives them a significant competitive advantage in speed and store conditions.BrandBrand is all about a relevant and influential connection to the shopper. It is imperative for retailers to have a magisterial understanding of their shoppers and be able to execute, both in and out of the store, ground on that knowledge. In addition, the ability to tailor a portfolio of formats to meet different shopper/consumer needs is very helpful- specially in geographically, culturally, and economically diverse markets like India. Pantaloon is one of the Indian retailers that has begun to develop the data and analysis capabilities to do just that. As Indias infrastructure develops to support modern trade, the retailer will be able to do that more consistently.As the market evolves, both retailers and manufacturers will require the capabilities to consistently understand what motivates shoppers and consumers, in order to bring unitedly a successful retailer strategy that serves both constituents well. The intermingling of finance and instigator is pricing the safe price doesnt necessarily mean the lowest, especially in some categories such as apparel, where a low price may be perceived as poor quality. Also, a rigorous understanding of which items are important to be low priced for competitive purposes versus which items can be margin enhancers, is one of the key criteria strong retailers use to grow in a market.When discussing people, the discussion is incomplete without the right measurements in place. As people are trained to execute at the store, retailers will have to have the right set of measures to ensure great delivery to the shopper. In addition, the focus of high capability in-market retailers corporate measures are usually adapt toward selling to the consumer than on buying efficiencies and leveraging scale however, our research shows that retailers who understand this and work proactively with suppliers to optimize their mutual business tend to grow sudden than the market.In-store execution should come together as a result of the right brand message and effective operations that facilitate having the right merchandise in the right place. Often the simplicity of the message and the operation broadly results in superior in-store execution, and this largely depends on people development and training. blue focus on execution details is the final differentiating factor for success.

Me Talk Pretty One Day

Me Talk Pretty One twenty-four hourslight Me Talk Pretty One Day is an essay written by David Sedaris. David is forty-one years old, but he does not think it is likewise late to learn French. Despite the fact of his age he moves to genus Paris with the hope of learning a new language. A month forwards he left his city, New York, he went on nearly sieve of evening school to learn the language just a little, forward leaving for France. The apartment he got in Paris was only a ten-minute walk from school.After paying for his tuition, he was given a student ID, which gave him entry to lots of facilities. He was very nervous the first day of categorize, because he knows that everyone there was expecting to perform, to perform well, similarly because he didnt know anyone. He felt intimidated by the looks of the young students in the class, but also because their French sounded almost fluent already. He wasnt the only overseas in class, they were gathered from lots of different c ountries like Poland, Germany, China, Holland, Korea, Italy, Yugoslavia and Japan.They were all in the same boat. French were the only language to be spoken when class starts, not only by the instructor, also by the students. The instructor negotiation condescending to the students at any time How very interesting. I estimation that everyone love the mosquito, but here, in front of all the world, you claim to detest him. How is it that weve been blessed with w loatheverone as unique and original as you? spot us please. (Line 35-37, page 1). This is the first time the students and teacher meets and the teacher is some sort of attacking them already.But no one understands every subject the teacher says, only some of it. One by one the students were to tell about what they hated and loved after which the teacher were orally tearing them to pieces. When it was Davids turn, he tried to absorb as practically of her abuse as he could understand. The teacher was using a method where she is questioning the students with all kind of questions. By using the method the students should be able to answer whenever she approached them with a question.The teacher used the students to practice any of her five fluent languages I hate you (Line 88, page 3). David gave himself a new identity David the hard worker and started to thin out everything when he was in class, because he was so eager to learn it. As time passed he didnt see improvement, but one day when the teacher was pluging, he for the first time since he arrived to France understand everything. That gave him the trust to learn even more. The tone of the essay is very calm and considerably understandable.The way he in the beginning is listening to the teacher scold them by saying I you not have meimslsxp or lgpdmurct by this time he gives us a concerning about how it was just to mould there without understanding much of what you are told, which I think gives me a figurative picture. Davids attitude towards learning French is remarkable, Ive go to Paris with hopes of learning the language (Line 6, page 1) He sounds like he does not even know if he will learn it, he is just giving it a shot. It sounds like he I fetching it step for step.And the fact that he only had a month with French before he arrived is fascinating and requires courage. I absorbed as much of her abuse as I could understand, thinking but not saying that I find it ridiculous to assign a gender to an dyspneal object incapable of disrobing and making an occasional fool of itself. Why partake to Lady Crack Pipe or Good Sir dishcloth when these things could never live up to all that their sex implied? He thinks of commentating it, but keeps his oral fissure shut, because he is cleverer than that. He uses the references to Lady Crack Pipe and Good Sir Dishrag as if they were their teacher.He also calls the teachers way of teaching is like being with a wild animal, something completely unpredictable, which was the r eason why he learned to entertain himself. In spite of his eager to learn the language he became xenophobic to ask for directions or stopping for coffee. The teacher made him so cowardly of saying the wrong words that he didnt want to communicate at all. But when he finally understood the words the teacher was saying to him, a new world opened up in front of him and with great joy he responded I know the thing that you speak exact now. Talk me more, you, plus please, plus.

Nursing and Student

INTRODUCTION The aims of the assignment is to examine how the reflective banknote or our catch of facilitating eruditeness opportunities assessing and t severallying a schoolchild go forth help the succeeding(a) set aboutment with in the wise man or institutionalise session instructor character. In order to achieve this teaching session, educational theories. The facial expression of a littleon plan im affairs be include focusing on my objectives reasonable for my action. In legal opinion session a brief Introduction will be discombobulaten on relevant theories, concepts and principles of judgment in coif with pass on discussion of the assessment process. Assessing a scholarly person in clinical ara will take place.Effectiveness of my encyclopedism will be critically analysed and skills in teaching and assessing will be reflected up on evaluation of growe my learnship consumption will be discussed, highlighting any changes that hindqu trickers be made t o my habituate to reform mentorship. It has now mandatory requirement that sufficient takes and midwives becomes mentors affect one year of registration and practice (N. M. C 2008). Mentors bidding a vital role in supporting, teaching and assessing schoolchilds in practice Quinn (2007) define a mentor as virtuallyone who experienced, and many cases more senior than the apprentice, and who provide support, encouragement, and guidance.PART II ROLE AS A MENTAR An N. M. C. 2008 mentor is registrant who following successful completion of an N. M. C approved mentor proviso programme. According to N. M. C mentor should exclusive the acquaintance, skills and competence ar needful to meet the defined outcome. Mentors atomic hail 18 responsible and accountable for organizing and co-ordinating savants scholarship activities in practice (N. M. C 2008). Mentor need to supervising savants in reading billets and providing them with constructive junket stake on their achiev ements. Mentor should assess the extreme execution of instrument including skills, attitudes and behaviours.The fitness for practice and purpose report of the U. K. C. C. post missionary station Development Group 2001 looked at the competencies of newly qualified Nurses. They concluded that the mentor was to be responsible to contribute constructively to the accomplishment milieu for the yard progress of school-age child, be approachable and supportive to gain confidence of the students affirm noesis of assessment overlyls to assess the competence in order to run across patient guard duty, be competent to sh be knowledge of patient c be, reconstruct time for interviews to discuss the specific requirements of the student.Provide time for reflection and encourage doubt based learning. As per N. M. C 2008 t here is a developmental frame sketch to support learning and assessment in practice. on that point atomic number 18 8 dominants in the frame work. It includes 1Esta blishing rough-and-ready working relationship 2Facilitation of learning 3Assessment and accountability 4Evaluation of learning 5Creating an surround for teaching 6Evidence based practice 7Leadership As per N. M. C standard Student need to spend minimum 40% of the time with their mentor.As a role as mentor, their knowledge, skills and competency need to modify ongoing basis. Each mentors as reviewed every 3 years to learn that only those who continue to meet the mental requirements. Remain on the local anesthetic register mentor at least two student with cod regard with in 3 years period participate yearly updating. Duffy states that N. M. C. Standard for the preparation of mentors provides a tool for preparation but it is the mentor knowledge, skills, ineffectively arrying out their role that protect the public by ensuring that students who are overleaping incompetence do not progress to become registered gift got or midwives. The reality of being a mentor is that as per R. C . N tool kit for Nurses 2007 all mentors supporting students, gain registration, entertain accountability to determine that they are fit. Mentor should be inclined(p) to assess student performance in practice and will be accountable for their finale to pass, refer or fail a student. N. M.C recognise that failing student may be difficult and that all assessment decision must(prenominal) be evidence based, mentor should recognise various assessmentthat learn care, simulation, OSCES and other Common criteria for sign foregoing mentor, the N. M. C states Registrant who delineates judgement nearly whether a student has achieved the required standards of proficiency for safe and effective exercise must be on the same part or replace part of the register as that which the student is intending to enter. Only sing off mentors and practise teachers that are the same part of the register and the same theatre of practise.May confirm to N. M. C that student have met relevant stand ards of proficiency for the peculiar(a) programme leading to registration. Signing off proficiency must be assessed by all existing sign-off mentor at least 3 occasions. The role of mentor on the preparation of practitioners who are fit for practice is paramount. However mentor need to be supported in her demanding role (Glyniscells pellet 2006). Mentors in the study identified constraints on their role owing to staff unmindfulage, busy clinical work atmosphere, too many students.This subject in lack of time to spend with students and left mentor whim guilty. Kathleen Duffy (2004) identified some mentors failed to fail students early on their programme, pick things up later. Nurse mentors are memorial tabletd with many difficulties in fulfilling the dual role of facilitator and assessor (Sharples Ketal 2007) ASSESSMENT Assessment defined as the measurement of chances level of competence in theoretical and operable nursing Skills (Brooker 2001, as cited in Howard and Eaton, 2 003, page 46).Assessment in clinical practice ensures safety and competent standard of practice. Assessment is a critical element of the mentoring process, as Duffy (2204) explains mentors must ensure that assessment of clinical skills does occur as required. more mentors have been passing students who should have failed in the hope that they will improve later although they are aware that this puts patients at risk. Kathleen Duffy was commissioned by the N. M. C to investigate the reasons for this.The four main issue is that emerged in her report of January 2003 included the mentor leaving the indication to the student almost their problem for too late in their billet, the mentor having difficulty to take action during their placement because such action could eventually cause critical consequences to the student, the mentor having to face the challenge of a weak student because Nursing is viewed as a caring profession and such action would be uncaring and lack of adequate time for assessors in the clinical environment to work with students (Fraser et al 1998), lack of support for the mentor from lecturers when faced with a fail situation (Sharp 2000). Stuart (2007 page 1) defined assessment as the judgement of performance during clinical practice and any other fashions of measuring professional learning. There are 3 methods of assessment. They are Continuous Assessment, shaping Assessment and summative assessment. Continues assessment provides a measure of how the student is progressing according to the level and knowledge expected at each stage of their training (R. C. N 2007).The assessment consists of formative and summative dimensions, the later being as all the outputs from the student in the clinical area are observed, providing opportunities for Nursing Practice to be explored and not missed. Gibbs (1998) suggests that assessment should be continues as they are more au accordinglytic. Formative assessment occurs byout the placement and during lea rning activities using feed posterior and feed forward and can finalise whether re-explanation, arrangement of further practice or piteous to the succeeding(a) level is required. Summative assessment normally takes place at the end of the placement and focuses on how much students have learned and have the learning outcomes been met. It does judge achievement of the specified competencies for the student to progress in training.The formative and summative assessment are reliant on each other as Formative Assessment provides a facilitating process which guides and increases learning and serves to contain a series assessments whereby a summative assessment can be made. Regardless of the type of assessment, assiduous every effective assessment must meet the four cardinal criteria. Which are Validity, Reliability, Discrimination and advantage (M. Quinn 2007). Dogra and Wass (2006) note any assessment of clinical performance need to gentle the diversity of patients and their needs . So performance is judged in terms of cultural sensitivity. A mentor has an important part to play in the assessment of serviceable work, as well as providing education, role modelling and direct feed back (Nicklin &038 Ken worthy 2000).We assess the knowledge of the students and how competent they are (what) (In the case of the student harbour, how competent she is in administering oral drugs). The staff have achieved this by asking the questions set out in the lesson plan (appendix 4) and evaluating the surrender demonstration. We assess because (why) we need to test the progress of the student, provide feedback to learners leading to future improvement and demonstrate to students that they have attained a goal or acquired a new skill (Cox &038 Harper 2000). In this situation, the staff nurse assessed (How) the skills and competency of the student through questioning and observing the return demonstration.As part of the preparation for the role of the mentor, the assessment of the student nurse related to the practical procedure of drug arrangement began antecedent to the procedure itself. The student mentor assisted the learner previously with predicateation about other radicals and skills in the clinical environment which helps her to reduce assessment stress as the learner was comfortable due to previous interactions as predicted by Calnan, 1983. In amplification to this, to ensure that all relevant issues were covered, the mentor observed the student throughout the lesson by using a performance investigatelist as stated by Quinn, 2000 (p. 231) which was designed to attain the knowledge, skills and attitude required for efficient performance.The mentor likewise communicated clearly and assertively, which helps to interact in a more effective way (Wondrak, 1998). He gave verbal guidance to the learner and informed the student, prior to come the ward area that feed back would be presented in the privacy of the office to avoid embarrassment a nd promote confidence and discussion surrounded by the two. When I assessed my student the assessment tool choose to use mirror image and the use of checklist. Questioning, an important part of the assessing was aided by blooms classification ashes which enabled the student mentor to ask questions at different intellectual levels to determine the level of knowledge of the student. The learner received ample time to purpose the questions to her full potential.To facilitate self reflection, the staff nurse back up the student to discuss (Muijs &038 Reynolds, 2005) upon her own performance and the students realised how the assessment enhanced here knowledge. A mentor is likewise provided with the privilege to provide feed back targeting the improvement of the student. The staff nurse chose to give constructive feed back where criticism follows praise and then ends with a validating note which is hoped to give the student adequate confidence to deal with more negative aspects of his/her performance (Neary, 2000). The assessing section of the teaching session proved comparatively easier. I use Blooms Classification system to throw questions at different intellectual levels in order to understand extend of the student knowledge.The practical demonstration was unaffixed to assess as the checklist provided the exact actions that I should be looking for an assessing. I felt confident while assessing the student and observed every measuring rod he took carefully. Assessing is something that I thought it is always done automatically quite than theoretically and methodically it was quite interesting to relate it to system. My assessor was cheerful with my performance and advised me to keep it up. I think my confidence in the subject influenced the student to learn more from me as the image presented through usually givers other a respectable impression. If a situation arises once more I would try my best to keep up my good performance. I feel that the impro vement I could make realise on time.I should credibly try to make the session longer so that the student has complete and more time to understand, improve, reflect and everlasting(a). It would also help me to build up a better support with the student. This session provided me generous confidence. TEACHING professional person teaching in Nursing, Midwifery and Specialist Community Public wellness Nursing, teaching is an International Enterprise that aims to facilitate learning. It is characterised by an acceptance of function for facilitating other peoples learning by means of plan and purposeful educational interventions (Quinn 2007 p. 183). Teaching can either be noble or informal. Formal is normally pre-planned whereas informal teaching tends to be ad-lib (Hinchiff 2004).For effective teaching to be carried out, it is important to understand the process of learning. Reece &038 pushchair (2000) defines learning as a relatively permanent change. There are different learning theories associated with teaching, firstly, behaviourism, this theory is based on stimulus and solvent Pavlow (1936 1949) among other physiologist experimented on this theory. The humanist theory is however linked to feelings and experience. Maslow (1971) defines this theory as motivation and hierarchy of needs. Meaning the student must identify what he or she wants to learn. Lastly, the cognitive theory, this theory involves thinking and the mind.According Hinchiff (2004) suggest that some key elements are essential in creating a good environment for the student, which are approachable staff, welcoming confident complete to share knowledge supportive, helpful, available and contactable and knowledgeable. Teaching session was carried out to prepare staff nurse to be a mentor oral drug administration was the bailiwick chosen for this session. The rationale for this decision is the fact it is an integral part of a patients care. I notice that numerous management students have been failing their drug assessment test. There are two management students in our ward, next week they have a drug exam. I choose this topic to try to defecate a difference to these unfortunate occurrences.Knowles indicate that adults are self directed and expect to take right for decisions motivated about by the identification of human-centered needs (Knowles 1985). My students are adult and thence I chose andragogy to teach my students. Andragogy is defined as the art and science of fortune adults to learn. In contrast pedagogy, which can be defined as the art and science of teaching children (Knowles 1973)? According to Knowles 1990, andragogy is where a student controlled approach is employed and thus enhance the students self concept, promotes autonomy, self direction and critical thinking. term encouraging reflection on experience and involves student in the diagnosis, planning, enacting and allows the student to evaluate his or her own learning needs (Knowles 1990).On other hand, statement implies that learning occurs as a result of the input of others, the student teacher relationship is unequal students look-up to their teacher, teaching methods is teacher-led and the teacher accepts responsibility for the students learning (Hinchiff 2004 p. 69). The session took place in the staff room at the acute respiratory unit on Tuesday laternoon at 16. 30 hrs commenced after coffee break. The time chooses as there would be less activity compared to morning time. The rationale for this decision was to maximize concentration by the student and me (Gibbs 1998). The room was calm and quiet and devoid of any disturbance. It was also well ventilated, spacious and bright which ensured comfort for everyone in to the room. The atmosphere was positive for learning. The session was well planned and the room was arranged beforehand to shit the best possible learning atmosphere.The student mentor prepared handouts for the students prior to the teaching session in ord er to provide record of what had to be taught (Hinchiff 2004). The mentor prepared a lesson plan before the lesson, thus ensuring that everything was prepared she made SMART aims and objectives (Hinchiff 2004) to reach perfectionism. British National Formulary was apply to teach the student where to look for information pertaining to groups of drugs. The domains of learning draw in Booms Taxonomy were used for the session. In Blooms Taxonomy, the Domains of learning include Cognitive, the psychomotor and the affective (Bloom 1972). I started the session by introducing myself and my assessor to the students. In step-up I explained the aims and objectives of the lesson.Then I asked some few question regarding the drug administration (Cox &038 Harper 2000) to understand the scope of the students previous knowledge us it. The staff used Blooms Taxonomy of educational objectives (1956) to formulate questions at different intellectual levels (Bloom 1956) in the session. Staff Nurse des cribed the N. M. C. guidelines and Whippscross Policy of oral drug administration. The Staff Nurse used a drug chart and explained to the student how to read it, explained the important document features to ensure safety. At the end of session the staff nurse demonstrate to the student the administration of oral drugs. The mentor followed the step by step policies of the N. H. S. efore and after the administration of the drug while explaining the rationale for each action. After her demonstration, he asked the student for a return demonstration to facilitate evaluation. Finally, a short feed back session was held in the office and the student was provided with the prospect to clarify her queries. The staff nurse began with positive feed back and then moved on to negative and constructive feed back. Ultimately the student asked to complete questionnaire to evaluate the session (see appendix 3). After the session, my assessor and myself sit down down to reflect on the session. He ga ve me aspiring feedback about the session. ReflectionReflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and to inform learning about practice (Reid 1993). Reflection enables the practitioner to explore, understand and develop meaning, and also highlights contradictions surrounded by theory and practice (Johns 1995). Reflection can be two categories namely reflection on action, which involves looking back at events that have occurred and reflection in action, which involves learning as it happens and adapting to new situations (Bulman &038 Schutz 2004). baud rate et al (1998) defined reflection as an active process of geographic expedition and discovery which often lead to much unexpected outcomes.Reflection helps to create an environment where professionals are helped to analyse and review their practice, thus enabling the professional to work in a more responsive, creative and untimely more effective manner (Redmond 2004). Refl ection has been analysed by many and models have been designed to facilitate reflection. I choose the model, Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1998) to help me reflect on my session. I incorporated it into the teaching and assessing of my lesson for a methodical approach. Reflection is tell to encourage practitioners to challenge the way they think, feel and believe (Burnard 1989). Reflecting on an experience is a highly skilled activity, it requires an ability to analyse action to make judgements regarding their effectiveness in particular situations.Clearly, Boyd &038 Fales see self awareness and learning from experience as the key features of reflection. In Reflection, I felt that , humanistic approach was effective as it helped to make the student felt good about her. Contrary to my early fears, the students appeared to be confident about what she call for to know and asked questions accordingly. I would use pictorial demonstrations because this would have reduced the number of doubts t hat the students presented as many areas would have been self explanatory. Conclusion To develop the role of the mentor, I have made some recommendations. Staffs needs to be encouraged the student to teaching is a part of their role and need to be enthusiastic about this.Attending regular mentorship updates in order to provide relevant, certify based information and keep abreast of developments in students teaching may motivate them and enhance professional development. A regular informal meeting at L. S. B. U between students and mentors to identify problems that arise and act accordingly. This would give both parties the opportunity to discuss what is expected and reduce barriers in the learning /teaching role and may improve the working relationship between mentors and students. Regular audit which are useful in identifying strength and failing for teaching in the clinical area and all staff are to take part, they should be informed of date and time of audit and have the oppor tunity to participate in the ward evaluation. In conclusion befitting a mentor is one of the difficult roles of the nurse.It is a very plentiful and serious responsibility because it is in the hands of a mentor to contour line the development of the potentials and skills of the students. It is not just teaching a student, what he or she knows, it is about making sure that students will be knowledgeable and competent, enough to practice as a Professional Nurse in the future. Mentors are essential part of the Nursing Students and prepare the next generations to inherit our jobs and further improvement. To let students achieve their maximum potential, supportive and experienced mentors are required. An inept and different mentor could impair the students motivation to learn and thus create choose in the future.The N. M. C guidelines state that mentors are essential, however I am afraid they have left out the fact that enough time is also required to maintain the high standards set. This would ensure that students stretch forth their abilities to the maximum and that mentors are able to reflect upon their experiences and thus improve and perfect themselves to become much more experienced and competent. 10th December, 2008 To, Pauline Mills, lamb Madam, Please find enclosed herewith my mentorship essay preparation. Kindly check and re-correct the essay and return it at your earliest. Thanking you, Yours truly, SARAMMA KORULLA Encl Mentorship Essay (p. 1 -11)

Continuing Case: Cory and Tisha Dumont Essay

1.Using the earnings multiple come along would result in the following life dam elds calculations for Cory and Tisha. Corys un quashably= $38,000 x (1 0.22) x 12.46 = $369,314Tishas needs= $46,000 x (1 0.22) x 12.46 = $447,065Cory shortly has $76,000 (2 x $38,000) of term life indemnity finished his employer. Consequently, Cory should consider get approximately $293,000 of additional life form _or_ system of government reportage. Tisha has $69,000 of term insurance through her employer, as well as a whole life form _or_ placement of government of $50,000. She should consider purchasing an additional $328,000 of life insurance coverage ($447,065 $119,000). period Tisha or Cory would handle to earn their salaries, if widowed, and would receive some Social pledge benefits, they would experience a significant reduction in their standard of bread and butter without adequate life insurance.2. The Dumonts, and Cory in particular, take a big put on the line when their life insurance is entirely in the hands of their employers. If Cory or Tisha lend their jobs, their separate term coverage ends. However, they may be able to transmute the group coverage to an individual insurance form _or_ system of government. Since the Dumonts need additional life insurance, they should grease cardinals palms individual policies to supplement the coverage they have. This will reduce the risk of later becoming uninsurable or, if they were to lose their jobs, having no life insurance at solely.3.At their stage in the life cycle, term insurance is the best excerption for the Dumonts. It imparts the greatest amount of insurance per subvention dollar. Universal and variable life policies both involve bullion value components, through earnings from vex or mutual specie, respectively, which append the follow of insurance coverage. These policies as well as break away to have high insurance, investment and administrative expenses, which add to their court. The option to rationalize the agio behavement on universal life or a variable universal life may prove too tempting, as it does for many form _or_ system of governmentholders, who subsequently let the polity lapse. The Dumonts would be well certain to purchase affordable term insurance and do their saving/ expend out of doors of their insurance policies.4. The life insurance form _or_ system of government features that should be explained to the Dumonts accept Type of policy term or cash value. The Dumonts policies provided at take a leak are group term insurance policies on hand(predicate) for the duration of their employment. Tisha to a fault has a whole life policy (cash value insurance) with $1,800 of accumulated cash value. Nonforfeiture clause (on Tishas whole life policy) options for receiving a policys cash value, a paid-up whole life policy with a reduced face value, or a paid-up term policy with the original policy face amount in exchange for closi ng the policy. The Dumonts could exercise this right if they are unable to pay the yearbook premiums to encompass the coverage for an extended period of time. Beneficiary designation persons named as indigenous and contingent beneficiaries to receive the death benefits from the policy. Coverage grace period machine-controlled extension, usually 30 to 31 days after a premium payment is due, before a policy lapses.The premium may be paid without penalty. Loan clause (on Tishas whole life policy) describes procedures and the liaison rate charged for borrowing against the policys cash value. self-destruction clause clause stating that the face amount of the policy will non be paid for a suicide death within 2 years of the purchase of a policy. Incontestability clause clause stating that the insurance troupe cannot dispute the validity of a m opposite after it has been in advertise for a specific period, usually 2 years. Settlement options section that describes secondary ways that the beneficiaries of a life insurance policy can pick to receive death benefits. Riders extra provisions added to a policy that either provide extra benefits or limit the insurance companys obligation. Riders attached to one or more of the Dumonts policies could include guaranteed insurability, multiple indemnity, COLA, dismission of premium for hinderance, or living benefits.5. Life insurance is meant to provide funds to replace a breadwinners to protect and support dependents. Chad and Haley are dependents, not incomeproviders. Therefore, the purchase of life insurance is unnecessary and not recommended. The Dumonts should use the funds they would spend on policies for the children to increase their own coverage.The cry that Chad and Haley would always be insured is only relevant if (1) the Dumonts continue the premium payments and (2) there is a high probability, based on family wellness history, that Chad or Haley will contract cancer, diabetes, or heart dise ase. Otherwise, they will be eligible for insurance in the future and there is no need for permanent coverage beginning at this young age.6. As a comprehensive major aesculapian insurance policy, the Dumonts coverage includes basic wellness insurance for hospital, surgical, and medico expense needs, as well as major medical expense coverage. The last mentioned is really important to extend the basic coverage to protect the Dumonts from the financial effects of a catastrophic illness or accident. The policy has a rattling adequate lifetime cap of $3,000,000 per insured. The Dumonts should continually analyze the health inventions from both employers to determine which offers the best overall plan. But, the yearly coinsurance, stop-loss amount, and family allowable, are all standard policy features with fountainable amounts. They are present-day(prenominal)ly paid annual premiums of $2,700 for the coverage, but the monthly opt out fee, from Corys employer, potently reduc es this by $1,020 ( slight the taxes paid on the increased income). Overall, their health supervise coverage is very approach effective, so no changes are recommended.7.The Dumonts have four options for paying a $5,000 medical bill incurred through an auto accident, including payment by Health insurance.Medical expense coverage with their auto insurance. Bodily accidental lesion liability coverage on an auto policy, assuming someone else was at fault for the accident. Personal funds, or out-of-pocket. These funds would supplement the health insurance coverage, or be the only source of payment, should the Dumonts not have health insurance. Luckily, they do.Expenses for an emergency appendectomy would be covered through health insurance and own(prenominal) funds. Assuming no one else has made a claim this year, Tishas health insurance would pay $3,600 the $5,000 medical bill disconfirming the $500 deductible and the $900 of co-insurance (0.20 x $4,500). Tisha would be responsible for the $1,400 of deductible and co-pay expenses because the Dumonts out-of-pocket expenses for the year have not yet exceeded the $5,000 stop-loss limit.8. Advantages for the Dumonts of switching to an health maintenance organization include regular physical examinations and preventive care, minimized paperwork, and lower costs. Tisha may be able to reduce the $225 monthly premium charged for her current coverage. Disadvantages associated with an HMO focus on concerns about step of care stemming from the incentive systemquick, cursory services and the difficulty in receiving a referral, particularly outside the geographic region. Some fear the system does not allow for construction a trusting relationship with a well- capable physician. Restrictions on physician selections and the associated train of reimbursement interpolate with the HMO system individual practice association, group practice plan, or a point-of-service plan. The Dumonts need to thoroughly comparison keep going the plans Checklist 9.2, Choosing an HMO, should be helpful.If Tisha switches to a PPO, costs and paperwork may also be reduced. Members, typically representing an employer group, receive health care at a reduced costwith the negotiating power of the group determining the level of discount. The disadvantage of a PPO is that participants must seek medical services from participating recreates and hospitals, thereby limiting their choice of care. With a PPO, a participant can go to a non-member doctor but must pay an additional, or penalty, co-payment to do so.9.Assuming Tisha works for an employer with 20 or more employees, she is eligibleunder the federal COBRA lawto continue health insurance coverage for 18 to 36 months, depending on the reason for leaving the company. Tisha would be responsible for the full cost of coverage, but it may be less expensive than an individual policy. Although this does not apply to all opting out situation, the Dumonts also have the op tion of engraveing for Corys health coverage. agree to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, employees and their dependents must be allowed special enrollment rights, beyond the open-enrollment period, (1) if they declined coverage because of coverage through another plan or (2) if their family situation changes (e.g., marriage, birth, adoption). The former situation applies to the Dumonts, so if Tisha loses her family medical coverage, the Dumonts could enroll on Corys plan. To insure protection from preexisting condition exclusions, it would be important that the Dumonts arrange for continuous enrollment, with no breaks or lapses between policies.Should Tisha answer to become a self-employed accountant, the Dumonts would have another option anyways Corys coverage. The household would be eligible for a high deductible health plan and a Health Savings Account (HSA). memory access to a HSA is contain to the self-employed, small business owners, em ployers of small to medium-sized businesses that offer very limited health benefits, and those under age 65 who individually pay for health careall of whom must have a qualified high-deductible health plan. The combination is cost effective because high-deductible plans have lower premiums and annual HSA contributions (limits apply) are an adjustment to income, so the funds are not taxed and they make tax-deferred, and tax free, if spent according to the HSA rules. The HSA funds accumulate for paying health care costs incurred prior to meeting the annual deductible or for health care expenses not covered by the high-deductible health plan. monetary resource not spent remain in the account for future expenses, much(prenominal) as for health expenses after retirement or long-term care expenses.10. Disability insurance policy features that Cory and Tisha should purchase include Definition of disability Tisha and Cory should look for a policy that provides coverage if they cant coi ffe the duties of their current occupations (i.e., accounting and retail management). Residual or partial payments benefits this policy feature provides partial payments if they were disabled and unable to return to work full-time, but could return part-time. Benefit duration the Dumonts should select policies that provide benefits until retirement age (e.g., 65) or for their lifetime. Waiting or excreting period the Dumonts should select a realistic waiting period (i.e. one to six months) during which they would have to go down on the income lost. They should consider their employers sick day policy (e.g., whether or not sick days can be accumulated) and emergency fund when selecting an elimination period. The longer the delay, the lower the premium. Waiver of premium this important provision waives premium payments if a policyholder becomes disabled. Noncancelable this provision protects against both policy cancellation and future rate increases and guarantees that the policy is renewable. Rehabilitation coverage this provision provides for employment-related educational or job-training programs.11.The Dumonts $25,000 HO-4 tenants policy amount is probably sufficient given their estimated in-person lieu value of $12,000. However, their property insurance coverage is short-staffed for 2 major reasons It lacks replacement cost coverage on personal property, which provides for the developed replacement cost of a stolen or destroyed item (e.g., stereophonic equipment). Currently, the $25,000 coverage is actual cash value, or coverage for the depreciated cost of property. It lacks a personal articles floater to increase the limit of coverage on Tishas $19,700 antique jewelry collection. To improve their coverage, Cory and Tisha should add a replacement cost rider and a personal articles floater to the existing HO-4 policy. Increasing the deductible could offset a premium increase. See the response to question 14 below for other cost saving id eas.12.The Dumonts auto insurance is inadequate because of its low liability limits. The 25/50/25 irrupt liability and property cost limit is extremely low in relation to current medical, repair, and liability costs. The Dumonts should increase their liability limits to at least 100/300/50. Otherwise, they could be liable for judgments in excess of their current liability limits. Higher limits, such as cc/600/100, are also available. The Dumonts also have low uninsured motorist coverage limits. These, too, should be increased to a minimum of 100/300/50 to provide adequate protection against negligent drivers who carry no or inadequate liability coverage. The $20,000 of medical expense coverage is far lower than the recommended $50,000 of coverage per person. Assuming the Dumonts increase their emergency fund or other savings, they should increase the $200 deductible amounts.13.Cory and Tishas current auto insurance policy would pay $25,000 for bodily dishonor losses incurred by any one person hurt in the accident, a total of $50,000 for bodily injury losses incurred by all persons hurt in the accident, and $25,000 for property damage if they were judged to be at fault. In other words, these are maximum liability coverage limits. If the accident resulted in a total of $65,000 of bodily injury losses to more than one person, the Dumonts would be personally responsible for organization payment for the remaining $15,000. However, if the $65,000 in bodily injury losses were incurred by only one individual, the Dumonts would be personally liable for $40,000. This coverage is not adequate the Dumonts are risking their financial future in lieu of paying a slightly higher annual premium.14.To reduce the cost of property and liability insurance, the Dumonts could Make every effort to keep their insurance denotation score high, to qualify for lower premium rates. Increase insurance deductibles (e.g., $200 to $500 or higher). Take advantage of multiple policy di scounts (e.g., HO-4 and auto insurance with the same company). Pay insurance premiums less frequently (e.g., per annum or semi-annually instead of monthly). Shop around and compare the costs of at least three insurance providers. Consider only high quality insurers, and possibly a direct writer. Install security systems or great deal detectors. Inquire about ANY other available discounts these can vary significantly by company and may relate to the property (home or auto, such as fire-resistant building materials, auto passive restraints or anti-theft devices) or the characteristics of the policyholder (e.g., over age 50 or 55, noncommuter, or near(a) student). Buy a car that is cheaper to insure and consider low damageability models be sure to mark insurance rates when auto shopping. Drive less (e.g., fewer miles, join a carpool) and improve driving records. Double check your policy to insure that all features and endorsements are included as aforethought(ip) a claim co uld be costly that you thought was covered, but was not because of an oversight in the policy. Include adequate liability insurance to avoid paying damage awards from personal assets or income.15.When the Dumonts become homeowners, they should purchase an HO-3 policy. An HO-3 policy is the most comprehensive of available policies for homeowners because it covers losses to the structure from all perils unless those that are specifically excluded. Typical excluded perils include flood, earthquake (supplemental coverage is available for both, if needed), war, and nuclear accident. Coverage on an HO-3 policy on the contents is limited to the named perils coverage provided in a broad, or HO-2 policy.The Dumonts should strongly consider adding personal property replacement cost coverage for their contents. The additional premium cost of 5 to 15 percent over the cost of a policy without this coverage is meager when compared to the increased level of reimbursement. Inflation guard and personal articles floatersparticularly for Tishas antique jewelry or any other items that exceed the value of the policy limitsshould also be added. The minimum level of $100,000 of personal liability coverage is likely inadequate, and should be increased to $300,000 to $500,000. However, the Dumonts should go over this relative to their individual situation (i.e., pets owned or other unique situations). Cory and Tisha should consult Checklist 10.2, A Checklist for Homeowners Insurance, when shopping.An umbrella policy extends the liability coverage of the auto and homeowners policies owned by the insured. An umbrella policy protects against large lawsuits and judgments associated with your home or auto. Umbrella policies do not cover activities with the intent to cause harm, activities with aircraft and some watercraft, and most business and sea captain activities. The latter require a separate policy.Typical limits range from $1 million to $10 million the policy does not becom e effective until the limits of the underlying policies have been exhausted. As the Dumonts proceed through the life cycle and attain more wealth, they may want to consider a policy of this type. However, in theinterim, a more cost effective alternative may be increasing their existing liability limits to $300,000 or $500,000.

Eric Bentley’s Criticism of Krogstad’s Character in a Doll’s House

When Eric Bentley wrote in Ibsen, Pro and Con that Krogstad was a mere pawn of the plot. adding that When well- glowering to Ibsen, he is a blackmailer. When inconvenient, he is converted, I believe he had altogether missed the point of his character in A Doll House. Krogstads painting is a flagship example of the way Henrik Ibsen wrote each the characters in the get together representations of mans true multifaceted reputation.On the surface the proofreader makes quick judgement about the content of the roles characters Nora, ditzy Torvald, loving Linde, reliable and Krogstad, evil. It is non merely a convenience to the plot when Krogstads true nature is go againsted, but the first obvious example of Ibsens desire to state the reader that not everyone is simply a onelayered individual, and not everyone is just as they seem. When the reader realizes that the source of Krogstads misdeeds lies in firmness of purpose of his troubled past and love for Mrs. Linde in Act 3 when he says, When I lost you, it was as if all the solid ground kage, readers no longer view him as the villain they saw before.By the completion of the novel Nora believes that first and foremost she is an individual, just as Torvald is and stands alone preferably than beneath Torvalds thumb. Torvald, himself, is no longer the perfect husband and morally upright, but more like Noras original characterization with a desperation for a perfect doll house. Mrs. Linde who seemed independent and welloff living for herself at the beginning of play reveals her want to be a mother and care for others again by the end. went from under my feet. Look at me nowI am a shipwrecked man clinging to a present moment of wreck. Ibsens Krogstad is no more a flipflop of characterization than any other character in the play, but this flop is not just a simple plot device. The revelation of the changes in all the roles are not actually changes at all, they are simply the reveal of the multiple layers to each of them.