Consulting assignment Essay Example for Free

Consulting assignment EssayWhat argon the potential sources of the problem?The source of these problems seems to be culmination from two areas in Interwest Health sustainment. The first area is the miscommunication that the hospital administrators are having with upper management. The hospital administrators and upper management are not only having miscommunication issues but they as well do not share the same role expectations with apiece other which is creating tension. The hospital people accused Singh of being a bureaucrat who did not care about patient services. Singh accused the hospital staffs of not understanding the importance of accurate reporting (Brickley, Smith Zimmerman 2009 p. 38). The second area is the system or handle that is in place for recording and entering data. The current serve up is clearly not running at an efficient rate which is raising concerns for upper management. correct though hospital administrators do not see to eye to eye with upper ma nagement the concerns that they have are valid and layabout have a very negative impact on Interwest healthcare if the issue is not resolved.What information would you want to analyze?The first information that would be analyzed is the process that is done to record and enter data for patients. It is important to gain as much information as possible regarding the data first appearance because that is the root of the safe and sound issue between hospital administrators and upper management. Another area that would be analyzed is the workplace with emphasis on how time is managed and the importance employees put on data entry. It is important to gather and analyze as much information as possible on the source of the problem. By gaining and analyzing the information it would help Interwest healthcare make progress on the data entry issue which will put them in a better position to succeed.What actions might you recommend to annex the accuracy of the data entry?The first point of action would be streamlining and simplifying the data entry process. By completing those it would not only increase the accuracy of the data entry but it would also decrease the burden on the hospital administrators. But before any heightens to the data entry process are made it is important to communicate directly to the hospital administrators. It is important to have the hospital administrators on board with the changes that will be made with the data entry process. By gaining the hospital administrators consent with the changes this will allow a smoother transition for the data entry change and it could provide a positive change to the workplace.As for the changes to the data entry it would most likely be a simple electronic computer process along with small piece of paperwork. It would be surpass to have some sort or paper record on file that would need to be alphabetized along with a simple computer program. The computer program would help ensure accuracy and would have th e patients data record on file which will be delicate to locate. There would be very little paper work for the process mainly because it takes up space and takes more time to record. The paper work that is parcel of the process would simply serve as a backup if the computers were down. The key to ensuring accuracy with the data entry is to make the process as simple as possible so it would minimize the errors.How does your view of behavior affect how you might address the consulting assignment?As a consulting assignment I see Interwest Healthcare as a company in distress due to the way the hospital administrators and upper management. The way the two groups have been behaving and treating each other it is a clear sign of stress and miscommunication. One of the first tasks is to mediate the two groups and try to have everyone on the same page. There is a clear unplug on the expectations of each others roles but by bringing them together the roles and expectations can be made by bo th parties and progress can be accomplished. In order to make progress both parties will need to be able to compromise and be willing to understand each others concerns and priorities.Refreneces Brickley, J.A., Smith, C.W. Zimmerman J.L. (2009). Managerial economics and organizational architecture (5th Ed.). New York McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Crisis Intervention Issues Essay Example for Free

Crisis Intervention Issues EssayCounselors and early(a) individuals in the sh atomic number 18 profession play an primal role in times of individual crisis such as violent crimes or mass crisis such as large-scale disaster situations by facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of pyschosocial disorders among populations that fall in been directly or indirectly traumatized by critical events. Gladding (2008, p. 246) notes that crisis counselling often involves incidents where there is a sense of loss or grief, and is therefore aimed at helping clients to regain a sense of normalcy in order to move on with their lives. However, there are in attitudes when counselors are adversely affected by their operate on with traumatized clients. Sexton (1999, p. 393) notes that counselors and therapists who are constantly exposed to reports of trauma, horror, human cruelty, and extreme loss become vulnerable to experiencing the feelings of fear, pain and suffering similar to their clients that ultimately affects their ability to bequeath counselling services. Among the issues that counselors face in the course of their crisis intervention efforts is the adventure of countertransference and secondary traumatization.Countertransference refers to the counselors tendency to either avoid empathy or to overly identify with the client as a form of defense mechanim. Avoidance reactions are often manifested through the counselors denial, minimisation, distortion, counter phobic reactions, detachment and dis concernment from an emphatic stance (Ibid, p. 394). In contrast, over-identification often leads into the overinvolvement of the counselor with the clients experiences to the point that the counselor may feel idealize the clients experiences and feel guilt for not being able to extend more help to the client (Ibid).Consequently, countertransference often impedes the therapeutic relationship as the counselors fails to feel empathy for the client. Empathy is particularly important in crisis intervention as it enables the counselor to correctly assess the client situation and support the client with definitive action plans for recovery (Gladding 2008, p. 248). Without empathy, client public assistance is compromised by the inability of the counselor to identify the clients problems from the clients perspective, which could lead to incorrect or inadequate support and action from the counselor.Meanwhile, vicarious traumatization among counselors occurs as a result of the accumulation of experiences across many therapy situations (Sexton 1999, p. 395). Vicarious traumatization not only impacts the counselors helping relationships but also extends to other areas of his or her professional and personal life. The effects of vicarious traumatization include the development of anxiety and post-traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD) symptoms and other psychosocial disorders by the counselor. Unfortunately, majority of counselors are vulnerable to the risk of vi carious traumatization (Ibid, p.396). Hence, those who work in the midst of large-scale crises events are clearly at a greater risk due to the scale of horror, loss, and cruelty that they are exposed to through indirect and direct experiences of their clients and themselves. Hence, the vicarious traumatization of counselors not only hinders them from functioning effectively in helping relationships but renders them unable to continue their relationships with clients as they become individuals in need of therapy and counselling themselves.On the other hand, there are ways of reducing the risks of countertransference and vicarious traumatization. Sexton (1999, p. 396) note that counselors must engage in constant self-examination for the symptoms of crisis intervention issues in order to identify and resolve problems early by themselves or with the help of other counselling professionals. This ensures the guidances assurance of his/her own psychosocial health which is important in saf eguarding client well-being and interests.Thus, it is important for counselors and other helping professionals to be aware of the proper intervention of crisis intervention issues they may confront while in the process of helping others recover and rebuild their lives after a traumatic incident. Works Cited Gladding, S. T. (2008). Counselling a comprehensive profession. New Jersey Merrill-Prentice Hall/Pearson. Sexton, L. (1999). Vicarious traumatisation of counsellors and effects on their workplaces. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 27(3)393-403.

Altruism

AltruismAltruism occurs when one individual, while doing others, altruistically incurs a danger to themselves decreasing their chances of survival Sherman (1977). Two theories develop from altruism, kin selection possibility and the theory of reciprocal altruism. Kin selection theory of altruism argues that altruism was developed to increase the survival of relatives Hamilton (1964) and that acts of altruism should be directed towards family rather than non-relatives. (Trivers, 1971 Cosmides Tooby 1992) argued that the theory of reciprocal altruism is infact long-term cooperation and the assistance that is given at the time will be reciprocated another time in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to remember who has helped them before and not offer any assistance to those who have failed to reciprocate. For this theory to be successful it also requires a somewhat stable group as short term, migrating members may not be able to upkeep the compact to perform the required act at a later date. The theories of kin selection and reciprocity, although seemingly different ar not incompatible.Sadly, altruism does not end slightly happen. Environmental factors play a very large part in whether an individual will engage in acts of altruism. Socialization, modelling and reinforcement play a key role in promoting pro- societal behaviour and attitudes Eisenberg Mussen (1989) Janoski et al. (1998). When children are exposed to models of kindness and helping, be it from television or from others around them, they are more likely to sick the welfare of humans and other animals above their own Sprafkin et al (1975). Television programmes that show these acts influence a strong positive degree effect on the viewers pro-social behaviour Hearold (1986).The norm of reciprocity and the norm of social responsibility are especially relevant to helping behaviour (De Creamer van Lange, 2001 Miller at al., 1990). The norm of reciprocity that we should return the favour when som eone treats you kindly and the norm of social responsibility expects that we should help others and contri excepte to societys welfare. When we live by these norms we are strengthen with praise and when we do not we feel guilt and receive disapproval. In society we also notice when others receive praise for adhering to these norms. As humans wee older, pro social norms, examples and values are internalized and form strong self reinforcements like pride and satisfaction to maintain pro-social behaviour even when positive reinforcement is not available. Studies by Eisenberg Valiente (2002) confirm that socialization matters as children are more likely to act pro-socially when raised by parents who have gamy moral standard and are warm and supportive encouraging their children to feel empathy and to put themselves in other peoples shoes (Janssens Dekovic, 1997 Krevans Gibbs, 1996).Beliefs about why and when to help have give chase cultural differences such(prenominal) as the st udy through with(p) by Miller (1990) who found that Hindu children and adults in India have the belief that one has a moral obligation to help friends or strangers no matter if the situation is mild or serious. When compared to the Indias Hindus way of thinking, American children and adults differ in their view and feel less obligated to help and regard as more of a choice Eckensberger Zimba (1997). Most pro social acts are done with the expectation of a come back of self reinforcement or a form of reciprocity but humans are capable of committing a selfless act of aiding someone without uphold for ones wellbeing, an act of altruism. C. Daniel Batsons empathy altruism hypothesis suggests that altruism does exist and is caused by empathy which is the ability to put oneself in the place of another and to share the emotions being felt by that mortal (Batson, 1991 Batson et al., 2002). In an experiment conducted by Batson et al (1981) fe male students empathy for another female who was an accomplice to the experiment was increased and decreased by leading them to invest and believe that her values were similar and dissimilar to their own. The experiment is consistent with the empathy altruism hypothesis showing that high empathy participants were most likely to voluntarily change places but is it people reacting out of pure virtue of empathy or is it to avoid the guilt that may plague them for not interfering. The negative state relief model suggests that high empathy cause us to feel distress when we learn of others suffering and by helping them relieve their own stress it reduces their personal stress making their actions non altruistic (Cialdini et al., 1997).The term safety in numbers doesnt translate well in emergencies and help the dupe as the more people present encourages each person not to help because of social comparison or diffusion of responsibility and is more likely to occur when the bystanders are strangers and not kin or friends of the victim Latan Rodin (1969).Factors that explain why people may be helpful in some situations but not others.We are more likely to help when we are in a good mood (Salovey et al., 1991). Pre-exisiting guilt when were disembodied spirit guilty about something weve recently done increases helping Regan et al (1972). Even though feeling guilt and being helpful are two different actions guilt helps increase our likelihood of assisting others. Also when there is a model to follow such as someone helping a motorist or giving blood, this act increases social behaviour (Sarason et al., 1991). When we are not under pressure, have spare time and not in a hurry we help more.Factors that show why some people may receive help more than others comparison A person is more likely to help and identify with the victims situation when the victim things similar to them such as dress, attitudes and nationality (Dovidio, 1984).Gender Women and men are every bit likely to be helped by female bystanders but w omen are more likely to receive help more than men when aid is from a male bystander (Eagly Crowley, 1986).Perceived Responsibility When someone is in need of help and their situation is viewed as something caused by factors beyond their control, they are more likely to receive help such as people who have been affected by a natural disaster versus homeless people who are perceived to be grudging to work (Blader Tyler, 2002 Weiner, 1996).Lerner (1980)s just world hypothesis suggests that people believe that the world is a just place and the rule of karma prevails. They perceive that people get what they merit and deserve what they get. These beliefs have the effect on some to conclude that persons who have misfortunes such as being raped or contracting AIDS deserve their fate (Ford et al., 1998 Wyer et al., 1985) thereby justifying why they shouldnt help the individual as there is no responsibility to help.A way to increase Pro-social Behaviour is through needed volunteerism w hich is used in the academic and corporate world. Participants increased volunteerism in later life from these acts are not consistent as seen in research done by (Janoski et al., 1998Stukas, 1999). Their research show that the outcome depends on personal rewards that the volunteers will receive and the awareness of human needs.A second approach which is consistent to the social learning theory is the exposure of pro social models to people. This is used to promote blood drives and increase donations (Sarason et al., 1991).When feelings of empathy are established and people are properly socialised will increase the chances of those people helping others Eisenberg (2000) as well as those who feel a close connection to their communities will feel socially responsible for(p) to help others Clark, M (1978).If society is educated and exposed to helping models and information, bystander intervention may be decreased and the tendency to help others in an emergency, increased Beaman, A.L. et al (1978).

Literature as a Form of Art and Expression

Literature as a Form of Art and ExpressionINTRODUCTIONThe design of this essay is to examine literary seminal thinking in spite of appearance the context that views all sides of the coin. This being said general and broad assumptions could be made about literary fraud and creative thought separately. These atomic number 18 models within hunting lodge, which be explored, as it is human personality to under raise human behaviour and the products of such behaviour. Literature and creativeness be entirely in the eye of the beholder and topicive with in a set frame of reference. Unfortunately we live in a instauration where creativity and artistic production are not al slipway valuable strengths and commodities. Within the philosophical framework, sight who are labelled artistically creative from the conservative view set, they are not understood, often seen unstable and unproductive members of federation. From this conservative viewpoint, creative volume do not use the logical part of his or her brain and this leads to encumbrance seeing the enlightened view where the self is quantifyd as a freethinking body. There is flexibility for exploring iodins ideas and dreams. Artists have often been called dreamers. dainty tribe live by a different credo, some times starving merely always determined to stay true to his or her art form. at a time over again because society has difficulty valuing art and creativity artists live with the conflict of expectation what society expects and what the artists need to remain true.While the aspiration of this paper is to examine the nature literary creativity for the sake of expression, it is overly beta to compare and contrast two English language texts to show how they are similar and different in terms of creativity. The two chosen works were (1) Stevie honors Happy Birthday and (2) Robert K. Kennedys dustup paying pension to Martin Luther King lowly upon his assassination. With this in mind becau se of such a stark difference in content of the juxtaposition, it drive out also be competed that while twain exhibit social identity to the time and a certain amount thoughtfulness with word selection and placement for creating moving pieces, one will stand alone as more literary and creative. Both are powerful in creating a vision and paying homage to a swell American entirely Happy Birthday exhibits more creative traits than the speech. nevertheless it should be mentioned that any rating of creativity is subjective and in the eye of the beholder and their classifiable taste. For this intent, Stevie Wonders Happy Birthday has more literary style, true to ones idea toward poetry and expressionism. It fits the cultural norm more than a speech mainly because a speech is in the moment and while powerful, visionary can never recapture that moment in time the comparable way a line can.This brings up the notion of interpretation.Modern times ask for art, literary or otherwise t o stand up to a riddle of many truths. It asks for man to apply the roleplayion of interpretation, analytic thinking that in of it self has many drawbacks. Susan Sontag writes, Interpretation is not (as most stack assume) an absolute value, a motion of mind situated in some timeless realm of capabilities. Interpretation must itself be evaluated, within a historical view of human consciousness.1Still societys view is slowly changing to include flexibility of multicultural understanding. Suddenly artists have a valued identity. Mark Freeman discusses the nature of understanding ones muse with knowing ones character with this quoteRather than there simply existing those who paint or sculpta coherentside the other productive activities with human beings might become engaged, there arose painters and sculptors, who came to define their very existence through their identitiesCreative activities would be distort into the fabric of life itself. 2The paragraphs below serve to define c reativity within the frame of reference of modern times and the age of enlightenment lends to the self-actualising open-mindedness and freedom to compact creative thought. With this in place, literary art and creativity can result and thrive within the model context.CREATIVITYAt the bare bones take aim of literary creativity, one finds inspiration in words and sounds intrinsic in how at the fundamental level these connections offer a richness and duality of meaning. These meanings are enhanced by simple creative choices made by the writer or artist. It has been discussed how tilt is important and also memory, not alin concert of a incarnate socio-cultural history and consciousness, scarce also of how the creative surgical process is fostered at the root of words. This is Maybins inherency model where the key focus remains on words. This essay strives for deeper analysis at the socio-cultural level where history suggests impact and resonates across the many divisions found wi thin the ball-shaped multi-culture of modern times.3Numerous definitions of creativity are recorded in the literature. creativity is often defined by use of synonyms. These include productive thinking, divergent thinking, originality, imagination, and later onal thinking. Because there is no generally accepted definition of creativity, it would be helpful to look at some definitions to date. Creativity is defined as the association of thoughts, facts, ideas, etc. into a new and relevant configuration, one that has meaning beyond the sum of its partsthat provides a synergistic effect.4 Bennis and Beiderman define the creative process as that mental process in which past experience is combined and recombined, a good deal with some distortion, in such a fashion that one comes up with new patterns, new configurations, that better solve some need of mankind.5 Although this sampling of definitions reveals several(a) elements found in creativity, these definitions do suggest some com mon thread found in creative thinking and that is, a new way of doing things. From this overview standpoint, one can define creativity as a process that solves a problem in a new and original way that is useful for those who value this process. It should be noted that the elements of uniqueness of solution and value of results are incorporated into the definition.Creativity experts feel that especially the American educational system should be education constructive, creative-thinking skills focusing on what can be. It is the notion of possibility that remains to be seen. They believe what is needed is a whole change of attitude toward creativity in general. It is a matter of thinking differently and of seeing outside the box. For so long, there have been restrictions due to such philosophical concepts of what is. While art is subjective, this scares race because it evokes a feeling of uncertainty. Many find if something can be touched, seen and looks what they expect then it is a cceptable. This concept does not allow for the realm of endless possibility. Still there has been a shift in thinking differently about what is because this can vary from person to person and culture to culture. The world is changing quickly because its borders are invisible, information plys freely. Therefore ideas are no longer analogue but branch off with each new thought. It should also be noted that creativity is not limited to the arts as traditionalists may see it. No art can be found in mathematics, science and the simple act of washing dishes. This once again expresses the enlightened view that the self is aware and finds beauty in nature. Still this notion may bother many because they do not see the potential of art as a what is but as it just is. They are not able to see past the scrape up to the inner meaning or soul behind the expression. They may not even up be aware of the act of expression and how creativity feeds into the energy of art.The countless possibility of embracing creativity as a regular everyday process probably comes from the multiple definitions that creativity morphs into much deal a optical prism seen in different degrees of light. From the literary works at hand written by Stevie Wonder and Robert F. Kennedy, it is the creativity energy of the time and its scope that not only define the levels of the works literary qualities but also the scope, the actual use of words to convey powerful messages. Carters work explains how most common throng chose to see and understand literature when exposed to an artists process. Examples of such by the outsider can be seen as the following Unanswered unbeliefs, hesitations and unreasonable starts which characterise informal conversationsthere is much divergence, disconnection and incoherence.6CREATIVE ARTISTIC FLOWThe artistic process relies upon creativity within this direct relationship. It has not helped that creative people have been invisible, living a lifestyle motivated by fulf illing the need for expression of the self. What makes creative people different from others is that they do not vitiate in into the typical means of motivation. Many different factors motivate people to behave the way they do. There are higher and lower order involve that balance out these acts of motivation. Lower order needs must be satisfied before the higher order needs can be addressed. This is within the conservative view loosing based on Maslows theory.7 Lower order needs are such things as essential items needed for life like shelter, food and clothing. These needs do not recognise needs beyond the means of survival. The higher order needs are considered luxury needs but in the mind of the creative person, needs are of an eternal notion. They cannot see this need but it is engrained in the soul and must be addressed.Creative people have the ability to simply live for what they enjoy. The act of creativity involves a sense of adventure, a suspending disbelief to use ones i magination for the purpose of seeing solutions. Brainstorming serves, as a method where ideas bubble over in every direction and no longer is the thought process linear but endless in possibility. In this respect anyone with an open mind can be creative as Csikszentmihalyi writes, it seems strange that dancers, rock climbers, and composers all argue that their most enjoyable experiences resemble a process of discovery.8 The concept of enjoyment plays a huge factor in creativity because of a dual chemical mechanism found within the human genes. This duality is inherent within humans to adjudicate hold dear with reference to more primitive times of flight or fight. There is the need to conserve energy written in the DNA. Understanding the concept of enjoyment ties in with this mechanism because people find different ways to relax and seek comfort in new experiences. The interesting element is people will allow for challenges as long as these events or flow experiences remain consis tent regardless of activity.9 Without enjoyment acting as a fulfilling element, creativity would just be another job without the thrill. It would be mundane. Without creativity and people discovering new ways of being and doing, there is no evolution of culture, no progress in thought or feeling.10 Unfortunately the conservative view has a difficult time accepting an illogical response as a purpose or goal in life. The emotion involved in creating art seems foreign to them mainly because they have a difficult time seeing beyond the physical properties of the artwork.Carey surmises the above quandary with the following,Equally you might say that the question What is a work of art? could not have been asked before the late 18th century because until then no works of art existed. I do not mean that objects we now regard as works of art did not exist before that dateOf course they didMost pre-industrial societies did not even have a word for art as an independent concept. 11The concept of literary art and therefore, creativity is a completely modern ideology. Art existed and was important but the level of understanding did not extend that far within society. It may be a fair assumption that modern influences like war, industrial enterprise or advent of technologies, changing familial lifestyles have all changes the concept of art. As a result of the pressures modern times present people seek comfort in forms of art like literature, film, theatre, and museums. For those expressing themselves creatively, this is also a time of utilizing these influences intertextually within his or her mediums. As a result you see common themes and subject matter as well as reinventing the same idea over and over. At times the conservative view will see literature and art as shocking but really it is just evolving with the times and artists are seeking to push the envelope to noticed for hard work. Carey furthers the argument of subjectivity by writing, When we say a thing is beaut iful for us. It is of personal taste.12 In todays world personal taste could mean anything to anyone and change depending on the moment. This concept of personal taste must remain open and flexible to influencing outside forces in order to reflect an evolving multicultural environment.Overall, creativity experts call for a change in attitude toward creativity if people are going to reap the benefits from available global markets, available capital, personnel effectiveness, and business competence. Success in global markets is going to need a baseline of competence on which to build. This is related to the development of new ideas and concepts that emanates from serious creative thinking. As noted above, the concept of negativity, which can be interpreted as conservatism and complacency, is the biggest enemy of creativity. To think that an educator is doing well or is creative enough is fatal in the long run. unrivaled must constantly push the envelope and stand one step ahead of th e game.ANALYSIS OF LITERARY WORKSIt has been explored that literary creativity remains in the mind of the reader and his or her subjective personal taste. angiotensin-converting enzyme can attribute certain literary traits to creative works as quantifiable measures toward password of what makes one work more literary and creative than another. If one defines such actions by words and sounds, using more of a Maybin framework where choice and placement of words comes into play. It is how these words form the content, the hidden power and meaning behind the action in the first place that remains at defining literary concepts. While each literary work analysed for this essay Steve Wonders Happy Birthday and Robert F. Kennedys Martin Luther King Junior Speech have qualities that standout as literary and hold ones inspiration it is Stevie Wonders Happy Birthday that remains literally true to the literary form of poetry. His song is modern day poetry with its words and sounds forming a t ribute and vision.It is not to say that Robert F. Kennedys speech written on the day of Martin Luther King Juniors assassination is not literature or powerful in nature. It is meant to stir a nations consciousness. It does hold power over the American thought process and still remains and important document as an example of Americas turbulent 1960s. This document served to continue a process toward equality for all men and women and remains a pinnacle defining moment in history. Still it is the actual format of a speech that throws people off of it being a piece of literature. Most people would not consider a speech as literature but more of a document, an embodiment of that moment in time. It is in a sense non-fiction, rich in historical content. It displays tools of literary honing. The speech is stoic, powerfully written, simply written without much use of imagery or symbolism. It is very much unlike the works of Martin Luther King Junior and in fact on the other end of spectrum. Robert F. Kennedys speech was meant to capture a nation in mourning, not only for the man but also for his dream. What it does do effectively is paint a estimate of the existing colour divisions still found in American culture today. Robert F. Kennedy uses a literary device of superimposing an actual piece of classical literature within the body of his speech. What this does is bring light to the fact that a classical poem still has the power to resonate feeling despite being centuries old. The poems meaning can still provoke thoughts and offer comfort. The Aeschylus poem allows for a broader scope to the present moment, which will later be an historical turning point for the Civil Rights Movement. It adds depth to a speech that seems solemn and one-dimensional, somewhat lacking inspiration until that point. Kennedys speech does not rely upon other literary devices but uses simple words, reflecting the moment precisely. Use of the Aeschylus poem allows the American consciousness e ven today to see how humanity remains unchanged even during times of great uncertainty. It documents accurately the idea of mans resistance to change. This literary device is clever and serves to strengthen this underlying feeling of loss and uncertainty. The speech seeps into the backbone of society morals and values but it does not create a piece of literature, not in tone or based upon other literary traits. The speech is more of a commentary, a snippet into a sad period for the American people. Still what the speech does do effectively is allow Robert F. Kennedy to lead the people in feeling sad and hope at the same time. It brings him down off of the pedestal many politicians reside upon and allows him to be among the people. This reflects his inherent qualities as a leader and is what would have made him an excellent president.What really remains effective for both pieces is how they each capture a sense of history without truly making it obvious. Both pieces pay homage to a m an who sought a dream for all people. Though the homage is clear so is the essence of the times or the interpretation of what the Civil Rights Movement represented. What makes this notion more pertinent is the fact that Stevie Wonders Happy Birthday was written in 1980, long after the Civil Rights Movement ended. It is still ingrained in the American collective culture. Both works take into account the impact this period had, not only the man but also on further reaching social issues on how his dream meant change.Stevie Wonders Happy Birthday is a more literary work because it is written an acceptable form of expression for the modern audience. The song allows people to relate with the words because the form is identifiable by most people. Music represents soul, celebration and a pulse of the people just found inherently within its composition. Songs are something people understand and will pick up to over and over. The literary creativity of this song gets down to the bare bones of words and how words work together to create a vision, a feeling. voice communication work to reflect tone, imagery and hope. The song remains a living celebration of Martin Luther King Juniors work, dream and life but also as a reminder of how far humanity has come in a few short years. The very fact that Stevie Wonder is a blacken man and has the right for expression in a public arena is proof enough and very telling. Still it reflects a certain amount of unhappiness over the fact that this song is just now being written, that society still has colour divide. Stevie Wonder writes as the last verse of the songIn full remembranceOf those who lived and died for the oneness ofall people.13This should be more of a question because even today even almost thirty years later there is not oneness within American culture. This speaks of the work yet to be done and is mirrored by his word choices. How the words flow together create an impact for the song and the listener. On the backbon e of celebration, there is even disbelief that a song for Martin Luther King Junior has not been written before. Stevie Wonder believes it should not even be a big deal but still this remains a reflection of the value system still inherent in American culture. With lines 1-4, he writes,You know it doesnt make much senseThere ought to be a law againstAnyone who takes offenseAt a day in your celebration14What is most eloquent here is the use of rhyme that is set up as discrete and not so obvious but also the nature of musical expression. This device continues toward a more literary tactic to set up this work as more creative than the speech. It is the lyrical nature of music that allows imagery to be embedded in a way that multidimensional meanings appear. The songs meaning may be different each time for the same person but definitely different for each individual. The fact that the song can be heard again and again continues this impact upon society. It resonates still today the dre am but also carries into how the dream continues to change the minds of many through such literary works.CONCLUSIONIn closedown the above paragraphs have explored the concept that literary art and creativity as artistic are in a direct relationship when it comes to their roles in society as a means of expression. The notion of literature and art is a modern invention born out of the human necessity to find comfort in his or her surroundings. The means of expression vary greatly but also act as a means of self-discovery for those who experience creative flow. One does not have to be an artist in the traditional sense of the word to experience this action but only open to creativity as a valid behaviour. This shift toward acceptance of creativity is borne out of an evolving cultural need that must be reflective of multiple view and cultures. Still there is resistance to change and many people still see artistic and literary creativity as illogical and emotional. The conservative view offers a sort of flat and grey vision of literary art and creativity, not seeing the full potential for self-exploration.END NOTESBennis, W Biederman, P (1997) Organizing Genius The Secrets of Creative collaborationism Addison-Wesley, Reading, MACarey, J (2005) What Good Are The Arts? Faber and Faber, LondonCarter, R (2004) Language and Creativity The Art of Common Talk Routledge, LondonCsikszentmihalyi, M (Unknown?) Creativity Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention Harper Perennial, Macquarie University Library.Freeman, M (1993) Finding The Muse A Sociopsychological Inquiry into the Conditions of Artistic Creativity Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UKGoodman, S OHalloran, K (Eds.) (2006) The Art of English Literary Creativity, Palgrave MacMillan, The capable University.Kennedy, RF (1968) Robert F Kennedy on the Death of Martin Luther King, speech, Indianapolis viewed 5 September 2008 http//www.historyplace.com/speeches.rfk.htmMaybin, J (2006) Writing the self in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English Everyday Creativity The Open University, Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan, p. 261-311Maybin, J (2006) Locating creativity in texts and practices in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English Everyday Creativity Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 413-455Mish, F (Ed.) (2004) Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Springfield, MARobbins, S (2001) Organizational Behavior Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJSontag, S (1964) Against Interpretation Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, current YorkSwann, J (2006) The art of the everyday in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English Everyday Creativity Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 3-53Wonder, S (1980) Happy Birthday on Hotter Than July Motown, Detroit.1Footnotes1 Sontag, S (1964) p. 32 Freeman, M (1993) p. 373 Maybin, J (2006) p. 4154 Mish, F (2004) p. 2935 Bennis, W Biederman, P (1997) p. 156 Carter, R (2004) p. 1017 Robbins, S (2001) p. 1568 Csikszentmihalyi, M (Unknown) p. 1089 Csikszentmihalyi, M (ibid) p. 11010 Csikszentmihalyi, M (ibid) p. 11011 Carey, J (2005) p. 712 Carey, J (ibid) p. 913 Wonder, S (1980) lines 33-3514 Wonder, S (ibid) line 1-4

Sleep Deprivation in America Essay -- Health Medical

Sleep Deprivation in America Research indicates that Americas sleep problems have increase and might be the number one health problem. The average amount of sleep that people get per night mass range anywhere from tierce to twelve hours. According to Dr. David Dinges at the University of Pennsylvania, it is a fact that people who get fewer than six hours of sleep a night do not love as long as people who get seven hours or more. Most people do not realize the importance of sleep or even realize that it is needed to survive. Many people experience sleep deprivation however it is commonly seen in college students. Irregular sleeping patterns tend to decease in students, which can later lead to long-term effects. Sleep deprivation can affect the normal and regular sleep patterns and cycles of many people. According to Lacks, practice adults gradually move through a sequence of regularly alternating stages of sleep (17). Adults experience these incomp atible stages because of their own distinct patterns and behavioral activity. Sleep is separate into two categories non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement (Lacks 17). These stages of sleep range from the lightest sleep to the deepest sleep. This cycle is repeated over and over again while sleeping. These sleep stages are necessary to regulate the different states of wakefulness and sleep. According to Williams, Insomnia or difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep is almost part of everyones life (29). Insomnia is a result of sleep deprivation, which can lead to further effects such as stress and aging. Regular sleeping patterns can drastically change for someone who is experiencing sleep deprivation. Circadian rhyt... ... heart-to-heart to and the only way for a student to avoid it is to find an individual way to motivate him or herself. Works CitedBethesda MD National Institute of neurologic Disorders and Stroke . Understanding Sleep. National Institutes of Health, 1998Giannotti, Flavia. Circadian Preference, Sleep and Daytime Behavior in Adolescence. European Sleep Research Society (May 2002) 191-199.Lacks, Patricia. Behavioral Treatment for Persistent Insomnia. newfound York Permagon Press, 1987.Urban, Christopher. Sleep Deprivation Not Unusual For College Students. The Tech .Write 3 Jun 1991. 5. 23 Oct 2002 .Williams, Robert L. M.D., Ismet Karacan, and Constance Moore, Sleep Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1988.

Comanche People :: essays papers

Comanche PeopleIn the western part of Oklahoma, ranging south on the Plains, a courageous people, known as the Comanches, roamed. They were a nomadic people who lived in skin teepees, which were easily moved from place to place. They had strong friends among Indians, such as the Kiowas and Apaches, as well as many enemies. This is only a minute view into the Comanche tribe, however. Before learning about the tribes history, one must learn first, who the Comanche people were, and then who they are now. Where did the let out Comanche acquire? What are characteristics of these people? How is the tribal system organized? These are questions that must be answered in post to learn more about the tribe. In order to fully comprehend their past, one must look to their background and then to their present history. So, put on your anthropological hat, and explore the lives of the Comanche. It has been said that the origin of the name Comanche is a contradiction of the Spanish tern camion ancho, meaning literally, the broad trail. This term refers to the broad range traveled by the contendriors of this tribe on their trading and war expeditions. First applied to the tribe soon after 1700, the name Comanche is spelled mjany different ways, such as Camanche, Commanche, or Cumanche. The Comanche Indians call themselves Nerm, meaning, people of people. The Comanche are from the Shoshonean linguistic family. This linguistic family developed in the Shoshoni and Snake River regions of Wyoming and Idaho. The linguistic stock is also said to have been of Nahuatl origin in Mexico and remotely related to the Aztec. They are the only character of the Shoshonean family who left their haunts in the Rock Mountains and established themselves on the Plains as one of the great tribes of the region. They later became divided in as many as dozen different bands. The most prominent band in the history of Oklahoma are the Penateka, meaning honey eaters, and the Quahadi , meaning antelopes. In Oklahoma, as early as 1869, the total population of Comanche was estimated at 2,538. During other periods the Comanche numbered 1,399 is 1880, 1,553 in 1898, 1,476 in 1910, 1,718 is 1924, and 2,700 is 1950. Texas, on the other hand, reported that in 1851, the Comanche population totaled 20,000.

LATIN AMERICA :: essays research papers

LATIN AMERICAWhen someone talks about(predicate) Latin the States the first thing that usually comes to head is a beautiful place that is mostly occupied by poor peasant farmers who dont know much about anything. Maybe the only thing that comes to mind is that its just a nice place to go for vacation, but that is because Latin America is probably unfamiliar to us Ameri corporations or we just think were to good for them. Whatever the reason being for not knowing much about Latin America is just about to change as well as the expressive style you view Latin America.Latin America is rather full-grown and kind of difficult to pin point since it starts from Mexicos border with the United States of America all the way to a small island called Tierra del Fuego, but I can tell you that its south of the United States. Latin America also includes all of the Caribbean islands where almost all the countries argon suffering of hunger and bad leadership. brazil and Argentina are two of Latin Americas strongest countries because they make up most of the common market where other nations come to trade, procure goods and buy cash crops. There is a lot of fertile land and plantations in Latin America that produce goods such as sugarcanes and tropical fruits. There are places like mountain ranges where people do live, but eventually have to leave because of the conditions so most of those people end up living in the cities and have to find work which is very hard and leads to poverty in the cities. The cities are one of the weirdest places in Latin America simply because of the people and way of life. In the city you can see Lexus parked right next to a donkey and see a millionaire right next to a muliebrity walking barefoot carrying her child and a bucket on her head. These are everyday life occurrences that give you a clue on how things are in Latin America.Human Life is actually put second in Latin America to working and because of this there is lack of educational and future opportunities. That is a reason for so many emigrants in the U.S people see that there is no hope for their children so they save up money and come on boats that will free them from their depression.Latin America is a dominant Roman Catholic region though Protestants are on the rise.